In the Soviet times South Ossetia was an autonomous area within Georgia. In 1991 Georgia's first president, Zviad Gamsakhurdia, abolished the autonomy. The South Ossetian authorities rejected that decision and put up an armed resistance to the Georgians.
In January 1991 open warfare broke out between Georgia and South Ossetia claiming heavy casualties on both sides.
After the armed conflict, which lasted until 1992, Georgia lost control over the territory and peacekeeping forces were introduced into the conflict zone.
In 1994 talks to settle the conflict began. On May 16, 1996 a memorandum on security and confidence measures between the sides was signed in Moscow. The Georgian President Eduard Shevardnadze and South Ossetian President Lyudvig Chibirov had several meetings to discuss ways to end the conflict. Russia was the mediator in the negotiation process. On December 23, 2000 a Russian-Georgian intergovernmental agreement was signed on interaction and economic reconstruction in the Georgian-Ossetian conflict zone and on the return of refugees. In April 2001 a referendum in South Ossetia introduced changes in the republic's constitution. Georgia considers the referendum to be illegal.
On December 22, 2001 the OSCE mission in Georgia and the European Commission signed an agreement on a 210,000 euro grant for measures to settle the Georgian-Ossetian conflict. The European Commission took an active part in collecting and destroying weapons in the conflict zone.
The 10th meeting of the parties' official delegations took place as part of the negotiations to settle the Georgian-Ossetian conflict outside The Hague on October 14-17, 2003. Taking part in the consultations were the representatives of the Republic of North Ossetia-Alania, the Dutch co-chairs of the OSCE, the head of the OSCE mission to Georgia and the representatives of the European Commission. For the first time the parties failed to sign a final protocol due to substantive differences over its content.
On May 31, 2004 the commander of the Joint Peacekeeping Forces in the Georgian-Ossetian conflict zone, Svyatoslav Nabdzorov, declared the intention to liquidate the checkpoints the Georgian Interior Ministry had set up along the Gori-Tskhinvali highway ostensibly to stop the transportation of smuggled goods.
On June 1, 2004 the Russian Foreign Ministry made three statements on the situation in the Georgian-Ossetian conflict zone. The Russian ministry called on the Georgian authorities to recognize the danger of provocations in the region.
On June 2, 2004, during a meeting of the co-chairmen of the Joint Control Commission for the settlement of the Georgian-Ossetian conflict the Georgian and Ossetian representatives agreed not to use force or economic pressure with regard to each other.
On June 3, 2004 Georgia sent 20 flatcars with tanks and armored vehicles, several Grad rockets and 350 peacekeepers to the Tskhinvali area. Georgia had 150 troops armed with small arms near Tskhinvali. All in all, Georgia can have 500 servicemen with limited quantities of armor in the conflict zone, the country's Defense Ministry said.
On June 28, 2004 three members of the Georgian Security Ministry were detained on suspicion of committing acts of sabotage and terrorism in South Ossetia. Following the incident Georgia refused to attend the meeting of the Joint Control Commission due to be held in Moscow on June 30. On July 3 the representatives of the Georgian special services were released. Georgia declared that it would continue working with the commission.
On June 30, 2004 Russian peacekeepers were attacked by a Georgian Interior Ministry unit. The Russian Foreign Ministry called on Tbilisi "not to bring the situation in South Ossetia to a danger point." Moscow "has no doubt that the forcible seizure of military property was deliberately aimed at further aggravating the situation in South Ossetia and undermining the Russian-Georgian relations," the Russian Foreign Ministry said.
The situation in the Georgian-Ossetian conflict zone took a turn for the worse when an armed clash occurred in the Liakhvi Gorge in South Ossetia. Tbilisi reported that two Georgian peacekeepers were wounded and one kidnapped. On July 8-9 talks were held in Tskhinvali between Georgian Minister of State Giorgi Khaindrava and Deputy Commander of the Russian Ground Forces Lieutenant General Valery Yevnevich on the settlement of the Georgian-Ossetian conflict. The two sides discussed measures to stabilize the situation around South Ossetia.
On July 11 a meeting took place in Tskhinvali between the head of the unrecognized republic of South Ossetia Eduard Kokoity and the Russian Foreign Ministry's Special Ambassador Lev Mironov to discuss the preparation and holding of the meeting of the Joint Control Commission (JCC) on the settlement of the situation in South Ossetia. On the same day a working meeting took place in Tskhinvali between the co-chairmen of the JCC with the participation of the South Ossetian Special Ambassador Boris Chochiyev and a representative of the North Ossetian government, Teimuraz Kusov. The parties agreed to stop all provocative actions in the Georgian-Ossetian conflict zone. The conflicting parties pledged to stop the shooting and to lift the economic blockade.
On July 14, 2004 the first round of closed high-level talks in the JCC format was held in Moscow. The parties agreed that illegal armed units had to be withdrawn from the conflict zone. They confirmed the status of the peacekeepers in the conflict zone. The chairman of the Georgian National Security Council, Gela Bezhuashvili, said that the solution of the South Ossetian problem lay in the restoration of Georgia's territorial integrity.
On July 15, during the second round of the talks, the members of the JCC meeting signed a final document calling on the leaders of Tbilisi and Tskhinvali not to use force to resolve the conflict. The parties had to honor all the previous agreements. All the illegal armed units were to be disarmed and military vehicles had to be withdrawn from the conflict zone. A separate point in the protocol was devoted to humanitarian aid: the parties reaffirmed that such cargoes were to enjoy a favorable customs regime, as prescribed by the 1992 Dagomys agreements. The sides agreed that the JCC would be a permanent body based in Tskhinvali and that the following meeting would take place in Tbilisi several days later.
At a meeting in Tskhinvali on July 19, 2004 the representatives of Georgia, South Ossetia, North Ossetia and Russia agreed to set up a group of secretaries of the Georgian, South and North Ossetian parts of the JCC; and on July 21, the group and the counselor at the Russian Embassy in Georgia held their first meeting in Tbilisi. Georgia and South Ossetia reaffirmed their commitment to a peaceful settlement in the Georgian-Ossetian conflict and to preventing an escalation of tensions. A meeting of the representatives of co-chairs of the JCC in Tskhinvali on July 22 set the deadlines for the start of joint patrolling of the Georgian-Ossetian conflict zone by peacekeepers and OSCE observers and the routes of the patrols.
On September 30-October 2, 2004 a Joint Control Commission (JCC) meeting in Moscow discussed the prospects of resolving the conflict situation in South Ossetia, preventing future crises and economic rehabilitation of the conflict zone. A working group was set up to prepare decisions on the withdrawal of illegal units, dismantling of illegal checkpoints and the setting up of new checkpoints by peacekeepers.
On November 5, 2004 talks were held in Sochi between Georgian Prime Minister Zurab Zhvania and the head of South Ossetia, Eduard Kokoity. They were mediated by the Russian Foreign Ministry represented by First Deputy Foreign Minister Valery Loshchinin. The parties agreed on full demilitarization of the Georgian-Ossetian conflict zone. On November 13 Georgian Minister of State Giorgi Khaindrava and Special Affairs Minister of the Government of South Ossetia Boris Chochiyev agreed to liquidate the dugouts and other military structures. On November 15 the liquidation of military engineering structures began in the Georgian-Ossetian conflict zone.
On November 18-19, 2004 a meeting of the JCC in Vladikavkaz reviewed progress in the fulfillment of the Russian-brokered agreements between Georgian Prime Minister Zurab Zhvania and the president of the unrecognized Republic of South Ossetia, Eduard Kokoity, reached in Sochi on November 5. President of the Republic of North Ossetia-Alania Alexander Dzasokhov, speaking at the JCC meeting, backed the proposal made by Zhvania and Kokoity to form a special economic zone that would include the Alagir District of North Ossetia, South Ossetia and the Gori District of Georgia.
On January 2005 Mikheil Saakashvili announced peace initiatives with regard to South Ossetia at a PACE meeting in Strasbourg. South Ossetia was offered broad autonomy as part of the single Georgian state. President George W. Bush in a telephone conversation on February 15 backed Saakashvili's initiatives. South Ossetian President Eduard Kokoity, commenting on Saakashvili's initiatives, said that "South Ossetia has long been an independent republic" and there could be no question of creating a common state with Georgia.
On March 11, 2005 Mikheil Saakashvili told a briefing that he would not wait long for Tskhinvali's response to his initiatives on the status of South Ossetia. He noted that some representatives of the Tskhinvali authorities welcomed the Georgian initiatives, but were unable to make a decision. He said the Tskhinvali region and Abkhazia would "never become part of an empire, even of a former empire." "These are our people, our territory called Georgia and it will never be called anything else," Saakashvili said.
On March 16-17, 2005 a meeting of the co-chairs of the Joint Control Commission discussed demilitarization of the conflict zone in the framework of the November 2004 Sochi agreements. Taking part in the meeting were the delegations of Russia, Georgia, North Ossetia-Alania and South Ossetia.
On June 20-21, 2005 an emergency meeting of the Joint Control Commission for the settlement of the Georgia-South Ossetia conflict was held in Moscow. The sides were supposed to sign a protocol on the cooperation of the law-enforcement bodies in the conflict zone. However, the protocol signed envisaged only the creation of a group to investigate the incidents in the conflict zone on May 29 and June 6 (the murder of four Ossetian and one Georgian servicemen and the disappearance of four Georgians).
On July 10, 2005 an international conference on the settlement of the Georgian-Ossetian conflict was held in Batumi. The representatives of South Ossetia boycotted the conference. During the conference Georgian President Mikheil Saakashvili declared that Georgia was ready to grant South Ossetia full autonomy and amend the country's Constitution accordingly. He said that his plan of settlement of the conflict with South Ossetia was a phased one and would take considerable time to implement. He said the plan took into account all the wishes expressed at various stages by the South Ossetian representatives. The unrecognized republic of South Ossetia rejected Saakashvili's offer of autonomy within Georgia.
On October 11, 2005 the Georgian parliament adopted a resolution "On Peacekeeping Operations and the Situation in the Conflict Zones of Georgia." It required Russian peacekeepers, stationed in the Georgian-Ossetian conflict zone, to enforce both parties' compliance with their agreements before February 1, 2006. Otherwise, the Georgian parliament would initiate the procedure of withdrawal from the Dagomys Agreement of 1992 on February 15, 2006, and require Russian peacekeepers' to withdraw.
On December 8, 2005 the Joint Control Commission held an emergency meeting following the increase of tensions in the Georgian-Ossetian conflict zone. The commission analyzed the conflict and laid out measures to guarantee a peaceful Georgian-Ossetian settlement. Valery Kenyaikin, ambassador at large of the Russian Foreign Ministry and head of the Russian part of the commission, attended the meeting.
On February 15, 2006 the Georgian parliament adopted a statement envisaging cessation of the peacekeeping operation in the Georgian-Ossetian conflict zone. It qualified Russian action in the region as "armed intervention."
On May 31, 2006 Russian troops of the Joint Peacekeeping Force in the Georgian-Ossetian conflict zone rotated troops through the Rok Tunnel, which was out of Georgian control. Tbilisi regarded the Russian move as an official challenge. Georgian authorities alleged that Russia was introducing a greater contingent under the guise of rotation.
On July 16, 2006 Georgian police followed by car the Joint Control Commission leaders then stopped and detained them. They were searched, and their belongings were confiscated for several hours. The commission meeting had to be postponed for a day and a night.
On July 18, 2006 the Georgian parliament adopted a resolution on an immediate pullout of Russian peacekeepers from the country.
On September 27, 2006 Georgian secret services arrested four Russian military officers working in the GRVZ (Group of Russian Troops in South Caucasus) on espionage charges.
According to a statement issued by Marat Kulakhmetov, the commander of the Joint Peacekeeping Force in the Georgian-Ossetian conflict zone, which was carried by mass media, a Georgian task force attacked a vehicle of a North Ossetian peacekeeping battalion as it was leaving the village of Avnevi on September 29, 2006. Sergeant Kudziyev, who was in the vehicle, was beaten.
On November 12, 2006 a referendum on independence was held in South Ossetia alongside the presidential elections.
On August 7 Georgia accused Russia of an air attack, claiming two Su-25 jets with Russian markings intruded into Georgian airspace and fired missiles at a radar station near Gori. The incident prompted the cancellation of a Tbilisi meeting of the Joint Control Commission for Georgian-Ossetian Conflict Resolution (JCC) slated for August 9-10. Tensions surged in the conflict zone.
On August 29 Georgian authorities arrested and convicted two servicemen from the North-Ossetian peacekeeping battalion, Tariel Khachirov and Vitaly Valiyev. They were detained in a Georgian prison until February 2008, in violation of international law and the existing agreements on resolution of the Georgian-Ossetian conflict. Neither representatives of the Joint Peacekeeping Force command nor officials from the Russian Embassy in Tbilisi were allowed to see them; they were also denied the right to use defense attorneys at court hearings.
The resumption of the negotiating process by the Joint Control Commission for Georgian-Ossetian Conflict Resolution (JCC) after a twelve-month break did not bring any progress. Georgia and South Ossetia failed to adjust their positions and adopt a joint statement during the talks held on October 23-24, 2007 at the OSCE premises in Tbilisi.
On March 31, 2008 a South Ossetian police post near the village of Okona in the Znaur District was attacked by a group armed with guns and grenade launchers. Military observers from the Joint Peacekeeping Force and the OSCE mission established that the shots were fired from an area controlled by Georgia. Two days before the shooting, Georgian police task force and security officers dressed as civilians had been seen in the vicinity.
On April 2 another armed group fired automatic weapons at a South Ossetian Defense Ministry checkpoint near the village of Andzi-si. The servicemen at the checkpoint did not return fire.
A total of 56 incidents of ceasefire violation by Georgian forces were registered by the Joint Peacekeeping Force in April 2008. Most of them involved random shooting with the purpose of fueling tension in the region. Georgian Interior Minister Vano Merabishvili, commenting on the explosion of an anti-personnel mine that injured a local police officer near the village of Kheiti, accused Russian peacekeepers of planting the mine. Later he spoke on Georgia's Alania TV Channel accusing the South Ossetian government of issuing 1,500 fake Russian passports to local residents.
On May 14 President of South Ossetia Eduard Kokoity said the Georgian special services were planning a terrorist attack in the territory of the self-proclaimed republic against Georgians and Georgian peacekeepers.
On May 15 Captain Vladimir Ivanov, an aide to the Joint Peacekeeping Force commander for contacts with the media, announced a planned rotation of the peacekeeping contingent in South Ossetia. Georgian media then spread information about an alleged expansion of the Russian peacekeeping contingent in the conflict zone, quoting Georgia's foreign minister. A routine rotation was described as a "provocation" and a "reckless enterprise."
On May 16 a bomb exploded on a roadside 200 meters from the Georgian village of Ergneti in the conflict zone. No one was hurt. Another bomb was detonated on the road between the Georgian villages of Eredvi and Ditsi. A Georgian Interior Ministry car was hit, injuring one Georgian special task force officer. A third explosion occurred on the same day in the vicinity of the village of Nikozi, where a local resident was injured by a mine in a field.
On July 3 as Dmitry Sanakoyev, head of the ‘alternative' Georgian-backed government of South Ossetia, was driving across the republic to Batumi to attend an international conference, his car was struck by a mine and fired at from the direction of local villages. Sanakoyev's bodyguards returned fire. The shooting went on for several minutes. Three of the guards were severely injured. Sanakoyev himself was unscathed. South Ossetian Interior Minister Mikhail Mindzayev said that the attack on Sanakoyev was orchestrated by Georgia to provide a pretext for invading the self-proclaimed republic.
In the early hours of July 4, 2008 Georgian forces used mortars, grenade launchers and guns to fire at Tskhinvali, the capital of South Ossetia, and the villages of Ubiat and Dmenis. One person was killed and three wounded. Georgian officials claimed that South Ossetia started the shooting and Georgia was forced to fire back in self-defense.
On July 7 the police in Russia's Southern Federal District detained four military men from the Georgian Defense Ministry in the village of Okon, South Ossetia's Znaur District. Officials of the breakaway region of South Ossetia claimed the detained men were pursuing intelligence activities in the Tskhinvali region. Georgian President Mikheil Saakashvili considered the detainment a hostage situation. On July 8, the detainees were released.
On July 9, Russia's Foreign Ministry issued a statement concerning the aggravated situation in the Georgian-Abkhazian and Georgian-Ossetian conflict zones, which said that "For the past several days, the situation in the Georgian-Abkhazian and Georgian-South Ossetian conflict zones has intensified. The city of Tskhinvali has been shelled by the Georgian army, with victims registered among civilians. Fighters and unmanned aircraft of the Georgian Air Force have repeatedly violated the conflict territorial air zones. In a terrorist attack, a South Ossetian police officer was killed. Georgian military set up a post at a strategic site near the village of Sarabuki. Additional military equipment was moved from Georgia into the conflict zone without any coordination with the Joint Peacekeeping Forces, which was registered by military observers including by the OSCE mission in Georgia. These actions point to an open and planned aggression against South Ossetia, which is the internationally recognized side in settling the conflict."
On August 1 and 2, the tension in the Georgian-South Ossetian conflict zone was aggravated due to a massive shelling of Tskhinvali's residential districts, which led to numerous deaths among civilians, with six South Ossetians killed and 15 wounded. Georgia claimed this was a response to South Ossetia's gunfire on Georgia's territory. South Ossetia began evacuating the region's residents to North Ossetia, with 2,500 people leaving their homes during the two days after the shelling.
On August 6, South Ossetian President Eduard Kokoity said he would take "the toughest measures" toward "militants firing at the villages." Previously, the breakaway region's Defense Ministry reported that the Georgian side started sniper fire at the South Ossetian villages of Mugut and Didmukha in the Znaur District at around 12:00 p.m. According to South Ossetian sources, the Georgian special forces attempted to occupy Nul Height to gain control over the Znaur road and the South Ossetian villages located along the road. In the afternoon, it was reported that an aggressive battle was taking place at the village of Nul.
Irina Gagloyeva, head of South Ossetia's Committee for Information and the Press, told RIA Novosti that South Ossetian units had forced the Georgian military units out of Nul Height.
Georgia's Interior Ministry, however, denied the reports.
The same day, the special envoy of the Russian Foreign Ministry, Yury Popov, said direct Georgian-South Ossetian talks with Russian mediators were offered in the Joint Peacekeeping Forces' headquarters for August 7. However, Tskhinvali refused the offer.
On August 7 Georgian President Mikheil Saakashvili, in his national TV address to Georgia and to the Tskhinvali region, said he was ready for any negotiations to settle the conflict with South Ossetia. He suggested Russia become a guarantor of South Ossetia's autonomy within Georgia.
According to the South Ossetian Interior Ministry, on August 7 Georgia started ground fire and shelling of the South Ossetian capital Tskhinvali from the village of Nikozi. Then, according to Tskhinvali, the shelling and shooting at the South Ossetian village of Khetagurovo was started from the Georgian village of Avnevi. About 10 people were killed and another 50 received various wounds. The Georgian media, however, reported that the South Ossetian side had been shelling the Georgian villages of Avnevi and Nuli for three hours. According to the information of the Joint Peacekeeping Forces in the conflict zone, it was the Georgian side that started firing first. Also, there were reports that Russian peacekeepers were fired on.
On August 8 Georgia started military operations in the Georgian-Ossetian conflict zone.
15:04 | 13/ 08/ 2008
The article was written using information of RIA Novosti news agency and open sources
Rian.ru
Chronique du conflit de Géorgien-Ossète : Fiche documentaire
Automatically translated into French thanks to WorldLingo
Dans les temps de Soviétique Ossetia du sud était un secteur autonome dans la Géorgie. En le premier président 1991 de la Géorgie, Zviad Gamsakhurdia, a supprimé l'autonomie. Les autorités ossètes du sud ont rejeté cette décision et mettentes vers le haut une résistance armée au Georgians.
En janvier 1991 la guerre ouverte a éclaté entre la Géorgie et les sud Ossetia réclamant les accidents lourds des deux côtés.
Après que le conflit armé, qui a duré jusqu'en 1992, contrôle perdu par Géorgie de territoire et des forces de maintien de la paix aient été présentés dans la zone de conflit.
En 1994 les entretiens pour régler le conflit ont commencé. Le 16 mai 1996 un mémorandum sur des mesures de sécurité et de confiance entre les côtés a été signé à Moscou. Le Président géorgien Eduard Shevardnadze et le Président ossète du sud Lyudvig Chibirov ont eu plusieurs réunions pour discuter des manières de finir le conflit. La Russie était le médiateur dans le processus de négociation. Le 23 décembre 2000 un accord intergouvernemental Russe-Géorgien était interaction connectée et reconstruction économique dans la zone de conflit de Géorgien-Ossète et sur le retour des réfugiés. En avril 2001 un référendum dans Ossetia du sud présenté change dans la constitution de la république. La Géorgie considère comme étant le référendum illégal.
Le 22 décembre 2001 la mission d'OSCE en Géorgie et Commission européenne a signé un accord sur une concession de l'euro 210.000 pour que les mesures règlent le conflit de Géorgien-Ossète. La Commission européenne a pris une partie active dans des armes de rassemblement et détruisantes dans la zone de conflit.
La 10ème réunion des délégations officielles des parties a eu lieu en tant qu'élément des négociations pour régler le conflit de Géorgien-Ossète en dehors de la Haye le 14 au 17 octobre 2003. Participaient aux consultations les représentants de la République d'Ossetia-Alania du nord, des Co-chaises hollandaises de l'OSCE, du chef de la mission d'OSCE à la Géorgie et des représentants de la Commission européenne. Pour la première fois les parties n'ont pas signé un protocole final dû aux différences substantives au-dessus de son contenu.
Le 31 mai 2004 le commandant des forces communes de maintien de la paix dans la zone de conflit de Géorgien-Ossète, Svyatoslav Nabdzorov, a déclaré l'intention de liquider les points de contrôle que le ministère intérieur géorgien avait établi le long de la route de Gori-Tskhinvali en apparence pour arrêter le transport des marchandises passées en contrebande.
Le 1er juin 2004 le ministère étranger russe a fait trois rapports sur la situation dans la zone de conflit de Géorgien-Ossète. Le ministère russe a invité les autorités géorgiennes pour identifier le danger des provocations dans la région.
Le 2 juin 2004, au cours d'une réunion des Co-Présidents de la Commission commune de commande pour le règlement du conflit de Géorgien-Ossète les représentants géorgiens et ossètes ont accepté de ne pas employer la force ou la pression économique en ce qui concerne l'un l'autre.
Le 3 juin 2004 La Géorgie a envoyé 20 flatcars avec des réservoirs et des véhicules blindés, plusieurs fusées de diplômé et 350 soldats de la paix à la région de Tskhinvali. La Géorgie a eu 150 troupes armées avec de petits bras près de Tskhinvali. Au total, la Géorgie peuvent avoir 500 soldats avec des quantités limitées d'armure dans la zone de conflit, ministère de la défense du pays dit.
Le 28 juin 2004 trois membres du ministère géorgien de sécurité ont été détenus sur le soupçon des actes commettants de sabotage et de terrorisme dans Ossetia du sud. Après l'incident la Géorgie a refusé d'assister à la réunion de la Commission commune de commande devant être tenu à Moscou le 30 juin. Le 3 juillet les représentants des services spéciaux géorgiens ont été libérés. La Géorgie a déclaré qu'elle continuerait de fonctionner avec la commission.
Le 30 juin 2004 Des soldats de la paix russes ont été attaqués par une unité intérieure géorgienne de ministère. Le ministère étranger russe a invité Tbilisi « pour ne pas apporter la situation dans Ossetia du sud à un point de danger. » Moscou « n'a aucun doute que la saisie de force de la propriété militaire a été délibérément visée aggravant plus loin la situation dans Ossetia du sud et minant les relations Russe-Géorgiennes, » le ministère étranger russe a dit.
La situation dans la zone de conflit de Géorgien-Ossète a pris un tour pour le plus mauvais quand un désaccord armé s'est produit en gorge de Liakhvi dans Ossetia du sud. Tbilisi a signalé que deux soldats de la paix géorgiens ont été blessés et on a enlevé. Le 8 au 9 juillet des entretiens ont été tenus dans Tskhinvali entre le ministre géorgien de l'état Giorgi Khaindrava et député commandant du lieutenant le Général russe Valery Yevnevich de forces terrestres sur le règlement du conflit de Géorgien-Ossète. Les deux côtés ont discuté des mesures de stabiliser la situation autour d'Ossetia du sud.
Le 11 juillet une réunion a eu lieu dans Tskhinvali entre la tête de la république non reconnue d'Ossetia du sud Eduard Kokoity et l'Ambassadeur spécial Lev Mironov du ministère étranger russe pour discuter la préparation et la possession de la réunion de la Commission commune de commande (JCC) sur le règlement de la situation dans Ossetia du sud. Sur le même jour une réunion fonctionnante a eu lieu dans Tskhinvali entre les Co-Présidents du JCC avec la participation de l'Ambassadeur spécial ossète du sud Boris Chochiyev et un représentant du gouvernement ossète du nord, Teimuraz Kusov. Les parties ont accepté d'arrêter toutes les actions provocatrices dans la zone de conflit de Géorgien-Ossète. Les parties contradictoires mises en gage pour arrêter le tir et pour soulever le blocus économique.
Le 14 juillet 2004 le premier rond des entretiens à niveau élevé fermés dans le format de JCC a été tenu à Moscou. Les parties ont convenu que des unités armées illégales ont dû être retirées de la zone de conflit. Ils ont confirmé le statut des soldats de la paix dans la zone de conflit. Le Président du Conseil géorgien de sécurité nationale, Gela Bezhuashvili, dit que la solution du problème ossète du sud s'étendent dans la restauration de l'intégrité territoriale de la Géorgie.
Le 15 juillet, pendant le deuxième rond des entretiens, les membres de la réunion de JCC ont signé un document final invitant les chefs de Tbilisi et de Tskhinvali à ne pas employer la force pour résoudre le conflit. Les parties ont dû honorer tous accords précédents. Toutes unités armées illégales devaient être désarmées et des véhicules militaires ont dû être retirés de la zone de conflit. Un point séparé dans le protocole a été consacré à l'aide humanitaire : les parties ont réaffirmé que de telles cargaisons étaient d'apprécier un régime favorable de douane, comme prescrit par les accords 1992 de Dagomys. Les côtés ont convenu que le JCC serait un corps permanent basé dans Tskhinvali et que la réunion suivante aurait lieu à Tbilisi plusieurs jours plus tard.
Lors d'une réunion dans Tskhinvali le 19 juillet 2004 les représentants de la Géorgie, Ossetia du sud, Ossetia du nord et la Russie étaient d'accord sur l'ensemble vers le haut un groupe de secrétaires des parties ossètes géorgiennes, du sud et du nord du JCC ; et le 21 juillet, le groupe et le conseiller à l'ambassade russe en Géorgie ont tenu leur première réunion à Tbilisi. La Géorgie et les sud Ossetia ont réaffirmé leur engagement à un règlement paisible en conflit de Géorgien-Ossète et à empêcher une escalade des tensions. Une réunion des représentants des Co-chaises du JCC dans Tskhinvali a le 22 juillet fixé les dates-limites pour le début de la patrouille commune de la zone de conflit de Géorgien-Ossète par des soldats de la paix et des observateurs d'OSCE et les itinéraires des patrouilles.
Le 30 septembre au 2 octobre 2004 une réunion commune de la Commission de commande (JCC) à Moscou a discuté les perspectives de résoudre la situation de conflit dans Ossetia du sud, empêchant de futures crises et réadaptation économique de la zone de conflit. Un groupe de travail a été placé jusqu'à préparent des décisions sur le retrait des unités illégales, le démantèlement des points de contrôle illégaux et l'établissement de nouveaux points de contrôle par des soldats de la paix.
Le 5 novembre 2004 des entretiens ont été tenus à Sotchi entre le premier ministre géorgien Zurab Zhvania et le chef d'Ossetia du sud, Eduard Kokoity. Ils ont été atténués par le ministère étranger russe représenté par le premier député ministre des affaires étrangères Valery Loshchinin. Les parties ont convenu sur la pleine démilitarisation de la zone de conflit de Géorgien-Ossète. Le 13 novembre le ministre géorgien de l'état Giorgi Khaindrava et le ministre spécial d'affaires du gouvernement d'Ossetia du sud Boris Chochiyev ont accepté de liquider les pirogues et d'autres structures de militaires. Le 15 novembre la liquidation des structures militaires de technologie a commencé dans la zone de conflit de Géorgien-Ossète.
Le 18 au 19 novembre 2004 une réunion du JCC dans Vladikavkaz a passé en revue le progrès dans la réalisation des accords Russe-sponsorisés entre le premier ministre géorgien Zurab Zhvania et président de la République non reconnue d'Ossetia du sud, Eduard Kokoity, atteint à Sotchi le 5 novembre. Le président de la République d'Ossetia-Alania du nord Alexandre Dzasokhov, parlant lors de la réunion de JCC, a soutenu la proposition faite par Zhvania et Kokoity pour former une zone spéciale qui inclurait la zone d'Alagir d'Ossetia du nord, d'Ossetia du sud et de la zone de Gori de la Géorgie.
En janvier 2005 Mikheil Saakashvili a annoncé des initiatives de paix en ce qui concerne Ossetia du sud lors d'une réunion de PAS à Strasbourg. Ossetia du sud a été offert la large autonomie en tant qu'élément de l'état géorgien simple. Le Président George W. Bush dans une conversation téléphonique a le 15 février soutenu les initiatives de Saakashvili. Le Président ossète du sud Eduard Kokoity, présentant ses observations sur les initiatives de Saakashvili, a déclaré que « Ossetia du sud a longtemps été une république indépendante » et il ne pourrait y avoir aucune question de créer un état commun avec la Géorgie.
Le 11 mars 2005 Mikheil Saakashvili a indiqué à un briefing qu'il n'attendrait pas longtemps la réponse de Tskhinvali à ses initiatives sur le statut d'Ossetia du sud. Il a noté que quelques représentants des autorités de Tskhinvali se sont félicités des initiatives géorgiennes, mais ne pouvait pas prendre une décision. Il a dit que la région et l'Abkhazia de Tskhinvali « partie non jamais devenue d'un empire, même d'un ancien empire. » « Ce sont nos personnes, notre territoire appelé la Géorgie et elle ne s'appellera jamais toute autre chose, » Saakashvili dit.
Le 16 au 17 mars 2005 une réunion des Co-chaises de la Commission commune de commande a discuté la démilitarisation de la zone de conflit dans le cadre des accords du novembre 2004 Sotchi. Participaient lors de la réunion les délégations de la Russie, de la Géorgie, d'Ossetia-Alania du nord et de sud Ossetia.
Le 20 au 21 juin 2005 une réunion de secours de la Commission commune de commande pour le règlement du conflit d'Ossetia de Géorgie-Sud a été tenue à Moscou. Les côtés ont été censés signer un protocole relatif à la coopération des corps de loi-application dans la zone de conflit. Cependant, le protocole signé a envisagé seulement la création d'un groupe pour étudier les incidents dans la zone de conflit les 29 mai et 6 juin (le meurtre de quatre ossètes et de soldats un géorgiens et de la disparition de quatre Georgians).
Le 10 juillet 2005 une conférence internationale sur le règlement du conflit de Géorgien-Ossète a été tenue dans Batumi. Les représentants d'Ossetia du sud ont boycotté la conférence. Pendant le Président géorgien de conférence Mikheil Saakashvili a déclaré que la Géorgie était prête à accorder à Ossetia du sud la pleine autonomie et à modifier la constitution du pays en conséquence. Il a dit que son plan du règlement du conflit avec Ossetia du sud était mis en phase et prendrait du temps considérable de mettre en application. Il a dit que le plan a tenu compte de tous souhaits exprimés à de diverses étapes par les représentants ossètes du sud. La république non reconnue de l'offre du sud de Saakashvili rejeté par Ossetia de l'autonomie dans la Géorgie.
Le 11 octobre 2005 le parlement géorgien a adopté une résolution « sur des opérations de maintien de la paix et la situation dans les zones de conflit de la Géorgie. » Elle a exigé les soldats de la paix russes, postés dans la zone de conflit de Géorgien-Ossète, pour imposer la conformité de les deux parties à leurs accords avant le 1er février 2006. Autrement, le parlement géorgien lancerait le procédé du retrait de l'accord de Dagomys de 1992 le 15 février 2006, et exige des soldats de la paix russes de se retirer.
Le 8 décembre 2005 la Commission commune de commande a tenu une réunion de secours suivant l'augmentation des tensions de la zone de conflit de Géorgien-Ossète. La commission a analysé le conflit et a présenté des mesures de garantir un règlement paisible de Géorgien-Ossète. Valery Kenyaikin, ambassadeur dans son ensemble du ministère et de la tête étrangers russes de la partie russe de la commission, a assisté à la réunion.
Le 15 février 2006 le parlement géorgien a adopté un rapport envisageant le cessation de l'opération de maintien de la paix dans la zone de conflit de Géorgien-Ossète. Il a qualifié l'action russe dans la région comme « a armé l'intervention. »
Le 31 mai 2006 Les troupes russes de la force commune de maintien de la paix dans la zone de conflit de Géorgien-Ossète ont tourné des troupes par le tunnel de Rok, qui était hors de la commande géorgienne. Tbilisi a considéré le mouvement russe comme un défi officiel. Les autorités géorgiennes ont allégué que la Russie présentait un plus grand contingent sous l'apparence de la rotation.
Le 16 juillet 2006 La police géorgienne a suivi en voiture les chefs communs de la Commission de commande alors arrêtés et les a détenus. Ils ont été recherchés, et leurs affaires ont été confisquées pendant plusieurs heures. La réunion de commission a dû être remise à plus tard pour un jour et une nuit.
Le 18 juillet 2006 le parlement géorgien a adopté une résolution concernant un dégagement immédiat des soldats de la paix russes du pays.
Le 27 septembre 2006 Les services secrets géorgiens ont arrêté quatre dirigeants militaires russes travaillant dans le GRVZ (groupe de troupes russes dans Caucase du sud) sur des frais d'espionnage.
Selon un rapport publié par Marat Kulakhmetov, le commandant de la force commune de maintien de la paix dans la zone de conflit de Géorgien-Ossète, qui a été portée par des mass media, un groupe de travail géorgien a attaqué un véhicule d'un bataillon ossète du nord de maintien de la paix pendant qu'il partait du village d'Avnevi le 29 septembre 2006. Le sergent Kudziyev, qui était dans le véhicule, a été battu.
Le 12 novembre 2006 un référendum sur l'indépendance a été tenu dans Ossetia du sud à côté des élections présidentielles.
Le 7 août La Géorgie accuse la Russie d'une attaque d'air, réclamer deux Su-25 voyage en jet avec les inscriptions russes imposées dans le cubage géorgien et les missiles mis le feu à une station de radar près de Gori. L'incident a incité l'annulation d'une réunion de Tbilisi de la Commission commune de commande pour la résolution de conflit de Géorgien-Ossète (JCC) prévue pour le 9 au 10 août. Tensions augmentées dans la zone de conflit.
Le 29 août Les autorités géorgiennes ont arrêté et ont condamné deux soldats du bataillon de maintien de la paix de Nord-Ossète, du Tariel Khachirov et du Vitaly Valiyev. Ils ont été détenus dans une prison géorgienne jusqu'à à février 2008, dans la violation du droit international et les accords existants sur la résolution du Géorgien-Ossète sont en conflit. Ni les représentants de la force commune de maintien de la paix ne commandent ni des fonctionnaires de l'ambassade russe à Tbilisi ont été permis de les voir ; ils ont été également niés la droite d'employer des mandataires de défense aux auditions de cour.
La reprise du processus de négociation par la Commission commune de commande pour la résolution de conflit de Géorgien-Ossète (JCC) après qu'une coupure de douze-mois n'ait apporté aucun progrès. La Géorgie et les sud Ossetia ont échoué pour ajuster leurs positions et pour adopter un rapport commun pendant les entretiens tenus le 23 au 24 octobre 2007 aux lieux d'OSCE à Tbilisi.
Le 31 mars 2008 un poteau ossète de police de sud près du village d'Okona dans la zone de Znaur a été attaqué par un groupe armé avec des pistolets et des lanceurs de grenade. Military observers from the Joint Peacekeeping Force and the OSCE mission established that the shots were fired from an area controlled by Georgia. Two days before the shooting, Georgian police task force and security officers dressed as civilians had been seen in the vicinity.
On April 2 another armed group fired automatic weapons at a South Ossetian Defense Ministry checkpoint near the village of Andzi-si. The servicemen at the checkpoint did not return fire.
A total of 56 incidents of ceasefire violation by Georgian forces were registered by the Joint Peacekeeping Force in April 2008. Most of them involved random shooting with the purpose of fueling tension in the region. Georgian Interior Minister Vano Merabishvili, commenting on the explosion of an anti-personnel mine that injured a local police officer near the village of Kheiti, accused Russian peacekeepers of planting the mine. Later he spoke on Georgia's Alania TV Channel accusing the South Ossetian government of issuing 1,500 fake Russian passports to local residents.
On May 14 President of South Ossetia Eduard Kokoity said the Georgian special services were planning a terrorist attack in the territory of the self-proclaimed republic against Georgians and Georgian peacekeepers.
On May 15 Captain Vladimir Ivanov, an aide to the Joint Peacekeeping Force commander for contacts with the media, announced a planned rotation of the peacekeeping contingent in South Ossetia. Georgian media then spread information about an alleged expansion of the Russian peacekeeping contingent in the conflict zone, quoting Georgia's foreign minister. A routine rotation was described as a "provocation" and a "reckless enterprise."
On May 16 a bomb exploded on a roadside 200 meters from the Georgian village of Ergneti in the conflict zone. No one was hurt. Another bomb was detonated on the road between the Georgian villages of Eredvi and Ditsi. A Georgian Interior Ministry car was hit, injuring one Georgian special task force officer. A third explosion occurred on the same day in the vicinity of the village of Nikozi, where a local resident was injured by a mine in a field.
On July 3 as Dmitry Sanakoyev, head of the ‘alternative' Georgian-backed government of South Ossetia, was driving across the republic to Batumi to attend an international conference, his car was struck by a mine and fired at from the direction of local villages. Sanakoyev's bodyguards returned fire. The shooting went on for several minutes. Three of the guards were severely injured. Sanakoyev himself was unscathed. South Ossetian Interior Minister Mikhail Mindzayev said that the attack on Sanakoyev was orchestrated by Georgia to provide a pretext for invading the self-proclaimed republic.
In the early hours of July 4, 2008 Georgian forces used mortars, grenade launchers and guns to fire at Tskhinvali, the capital of South Ossetia, and the villages of Ubiat and Dmenis. One person was killed and three wounded. Georgian officials claimed that South Ossetia started the shooting and Georgia was forced to fire back in self-defense.
On July 7 the police in Russia's Southern Federal District detained four military men from the Georgian Defense Ministry in the village of Okon, South Ossetia's Znaur District. Officials of the breakaway region of South Ossetia claimed the detained men were pursuing intelligence activities in the Tskhinvali region. Georgian President Mikheil Saakashvili considered the detainment a hostage situation. On July 8, the detainees were released.
On July 9, Russia's Foreign Ministry issued a statement concerning the aggravated situation in the Georgian-Abkhazian and Georgian-Ossetian conflict zones, which said that "For the past several days, the situation in the Georgian-Abkhazian and Georgian-South Ossetian conflict zones has intensified. The city of Tskhinvali has been shelled by the Georgian army, with victims registered among civilians. Fighters and unmanned aircraft of the Georgian Air Force have repeatedly violated the conflict territorial air zones. In a terrorist attack, a South Ossetian police officer was killed. Georgian military set up a post at a strategic site near the village of Sarabuki. Additional military equipment was moved from Georgia into the conflict zone without any coordination with the Joint Peacekeeping Forces, which was registered by military observers including by the OSCE mission in Georgia. These actions point to an open and planned aggression against South Ossetia, which is the internationally recognized side in settling the conflict."
On August 1 and 2, the tension in the Georgian-South Ossetian conflict zone was aggravated due to a massive shelling of Tskhinvali's residential districts, which led to numerous deaths among civilians, with six South Ossetians killed and 15 wounded. Georgia claimed this was a response to South Ossetia's gunfire on Georgia's territory. South Ossetia began evacuating the region's residents to North Ossetia, with 2,500 people leaving their homes during the two days after the shelling.
On August 6, South Ossetian President Eduard Kokoity said he would take "the toughest measures" toward "militants firing at the villages." Previously, the breakaway region's Defense Ministry reported that the Georgian side started sniper fire at the South Ossetian villages of Mugut and Didmukha in the Znaur District at around 12:00 p.m. According to South Ossetian sources, the Georgian special forces attempted to occupy Nul Height to gain control over the Znaur road and the South Ossetian villages located along the road. In the afternoon, it was reported that an aggressive battle was taking place at the village of Nul.
Irina Gagloyeva, head of South Ossetia's Committee for Information and the Press, told RIA Novosti that South Ossetian units had forced the Georgian military units out of Nul Height.
Georgia's Interior Ministry, however, denied the reports.
The same day, the special envoy of the Russian Foreign Ministry, Yury Popov, said direct Georgian-South Ossetian talks with Russian mediators were offered in the Joint Peacekeeping Forces' headquarters for August 7. However, Tskhinvali refused the offer.
On August 7 Georgian President Mikheil Saakashvili, in his national TV address to Georgia and to the Tskhinvali region, said he was ready for any negotiations to settle the conflict with South Ossetia. He suggested Russia become a guarantor of South Ossetia's autonomy within Georgia.
According to the South Ossetian Interior Ministry, on August 7 Georgia started ground fire and shelling of the South Ossetian capital Tskhinvali from the village of Nikozi. Then, according to Tskhinvali, the shelling and shooting at the South Ossetian village of Khetagurovo was started from the Georgian village of Avnevi. About 10 people were killed and another 50 received various wounds. The Georgian media, however, reported that the South Ossetian side had been shelling the Georgian villages of Avnevi and Nuli for three hours. According to the information of the Joint Peacekeeping Forces in the conflict zone, it was the Georgian side that started firing first. Also, there were reports that Russian peacekeepers were fired on.
On August 8 Georgia started military operations in the Georgian-Ossetian conflict zone.
15:04 | 13/ 08/ 2008
The article was written using information of RIA Novosti news agency and open sources
Rian.ru
Chronicle del conflicto Georgiano-Ossetian: Hoja del hecho
Automatically translated into Spanish thanks to WorldLingo
En los tiempos del soviet Ossetia del sur era un área autónoma dentro de Georgia. En el primer presidente 1991 de Georgia, Zviad Gamsakhurdia, suprimió la autonomía. Las autoridades del sur de Ossetian rechazaron esa decisión y puestas para arriba una resistencia armada al Georgians.
En enero de 1991 la guerra abierta explotó entre Georgia y Ossetia del sur que demandaban muertes pesadas en ambos lados.
Después de que el conflicto armado, que duró hasta 1992, control perdido Georgia sobre las fuerzas del territorio y del mantenimiento de la paz fuera introducido en la zona del conflicto.
En 1994 las negociaciones para colocar el conflicto comenzaron. El 16 de mayo de 1996 un memorándum en medidas de la seguridad y de la confianza entre los lados fue firmado en Moscú. El presidente georgiano Eduard Shevardnadze y presidente del sur Lyudvig Chibirov de Ossetian tenían varias reuniones para discutir maneras de terminar el conflicto. Rusia era el mediador en el proceso de la negociación. El 23 de diciembre de 2000 un acuerdo intergubernamental Ruso-Georgiano fue firmado en la interacción y la reconstrucción económica en la zona Georgiana-Ossetian del conflicto y en la vuelta de refugiados. En abril de 2001 un referéndum en Ossetia del sur introdujo cambios en la constitución de la república. Georgia considera el referéndum ser ilegal.
El 22 de diciembre de 2001 la misión de OSCE en Georgia y la Comisión de las Comunidades Europeas firmó un acuerdo en una concesión del euro 210.000 para que las medidas coloquen el conflicto Georgiano-Ossetian. La Comisión de las Comunidades Europeas tomó una parte activa en armas que recogían y que destruían en la zona del conflicto.
La 10ma reunión de las delegaciones oficiales de los partidos ocurrió como parte de las negociaciones para colocar el conflicto Georgiano-Ossetian fuera de La Haya el 14 al 17 de octubre de 2003. Participaban en las consultas los representantes de la república de Ossetia-Alania del norte, de las co-sillas holandesas del OSCE, del jefe de la misión de OSCE a Georgia y de los representantes de la Comisión de las Comunidades Europeas. Los partidos no pudieron por primera vez firmar un protocolo final debido a las diferencias substantivas sobre su contenido.
El 31 de mayo de 2004 el comandante de las fuerzas pacificadoras del empalme en la zona Georgiana-Ossetian del conflicto, Svyatoslav Nabdzorov, declaró la intención de liquidar los puntos de comprobación que el ministerio interior georgiano había instalado a lo largo de la carretera de Gori-Tskhinvali aparentemente para parar el transporte de mercancías pasadas de contrabando.
El 1 de junio de 2004 el ministerio extranjero ruso hizo tres declaraciones en la situación en la zona Georgiana-Ossetian del conflicto. El ministerio ruso invitó las autoridades georgianas para reconocer el peligro de provocations en la región.
El 2 de junio de 2004, durante una reunión de los co-presidentes de la Comisión común del control para el establecimiento del conflicto Georgiano-Ossetian los representantes georgianos y de Ossetian acordaron no utilizar la fuerza o la presión económica con respecto a uno a.
El 3 de junio de 2004 Georgia envió 20 flatcars con los tanques y los vehículos armados, varios cohetes del Grad y 350 fuerzas de paz al área de Tskhinvali. Georgia tenía 150 tropas armadas con los brazos pequeños cerca de Tskhinvali. Todos en todos, Georgia pueden tener 500 mecánicos con cantidades limitadas de armadura en la zona del conflicto, el ministerio de la defensa del país dicho.
El 28 de junio de 2004 detuvieron a tres miembros del ministerio georgiano de la seguridad en la suspicacia de actos que confiaban del sabotaje y del terrorismo en Ossetia del sur. Después del incidente Georgia rechazó assistir a la reunión de la Comisión común del control debida ser sostenido en Moscú el 30 de junio. El 3 de julio los representantes de los servicios especiales georgianos fueron lanzados. Georgia declaró que continuaría trabajando con la comisión.
El 30 de junio de 2004 Las fuerzas de paz rusas fueron atacadas por una unidad interior georgiana del ministerio. El ministerio extranjero ruso invitó Tbilisi “para no traer la situación en Ossetia del sur a un punto de peligro.” Moscú “no tiene ninguna duda que el asimiento fuerte de la característica militar fue dirigido deliberadamente que agravaba más lejos la situación en Ossetia del sur y que minaba las relaciones Ruso-Georgianas,” el ministerio extranjero ruso dijo.
La situación en la zona Georgiana-Ossetian del conflicto tomó una vuelta para el peor cuando un choque armado ocurrió en el Gorge de Liakhvi en Ossetia del sur. Tbilisi divulgó que dos fuerzas de paz georgianas fueron heridas y uno secuestró. El 8 al 9 de julio las negociaciones fueron llevadas a cabo en Tskhinvali entre el ministro georgiano del estado Giorgi Khaindrava y diputado comandante del teniente ruso general Valery Yevnevich de las fuerzas de tierra en el establecimiento del conflicto Georgiano-Ossetian. Los dos lados discutieron medidas de estabilizar la situación alrededor de Ossetia del sur.
El 11 de julio una reunión ocurrió en Tskhinvali entre la cabeza de la república desconocida de Ossetia del sur Eduard Kokoity y el embajador especial Lev Mironov del ministerio extranjero ruso para discutir la preparación y la tenencia de la reunión de la Comisión común del control (JCC) en el establecimiento de la situación en Ossetia del sur. En el mismo día una reunión de trabajo ocurrió en Tskhinvali entre los co-presidentes del JCC con la participación del embajador especial del sur Boris Chochiyev y representante de Ossetian del gobierno del norte de Ossetian, Teimuraz Kusov. Los partidos acordaron parar todas las acciones provocativas en la zona Georgiana-Ossetian del conflicto. Los partidos que estaban en conflicto prometieron para parar tirar y para levantar el bloqueo económico.
El 14 de julio de 2004 el primer redondo de negociaciones de alto nivel cerradas en el formato de JCC fue llevado a cabo en Moscú. Los partidos convinieron que las unidades armadas ilegales tuvieron que ser retiradas de la zona del conflicto. Confirmaron el estado de las fuerzas de paz en la zona del conflicto. El presidente del consejo georgiano de la seguridad nacional, Gela Bezhuashvili, dicho que la solución del problema del sur de Ossetian pone en la restauración de la integridad territorial de Georgia.
El 15 de julio, durante el segundo redondo de las negociaciones, los miembros de la reunión de JCC firmaron un documento final que invitaban a los líderes de Tbilisi y de Tskhinvali a no utilizar la fuerza para resolver el conflicto. Los partidos tuvieron que honrar todos los acuerdos anteriores. Todas las unidades armadas ilegales debían ser desarmadas y los vehículos militares tuvieron que ser retirados de la zona del conflicto. Un punto separado en el protocolo fue dedicado a la ayuda humanitaria: los partidos reafirmaron que tales cargos eran gozar de un régimen favorable de los costumbres, según lo prescrito por los acuerdos 1992 de Dagomys. Los lados convinieron que el JCC sería un cuerpo permanente basado en Tskhinvali y que la reunión siguiente ocurriría en Tbilisi varios días más adelante.
En una reunión en Tskhinvali el 19 de julio de 2004 los representantes de Georgia, Ossetia del sur, Ossetia del norte y Rusia convinieron el sistema para arriba a grupo de las secretarias de las piezas georgianas, de las sur y del norte de Ossetian del JCC; y el 21 de julio, el grupo y el consejero en la embajada rusa en Georgia celebraron su primera reunión en Tbilisi. Georgia y Ossetia del sur reafirmaron su comisión a un establecimiento pacífico en el conflicto Georgiano-Ossetian y a prevenir una escalada de tensiones. Una reunión de los representantes de las co-sillas del JCC en Tskhinvali fijó el 22 de julio los plazos para el comienzo de patrullar común de la zona Georgiana-Ossetian del conflicto por fuerzas de paz y los observadores de OSCE y las rutas de las patrullas.
El 30 de septiembre al 2 de octubre de 2004 una reunión común de la Comisión del control (JCC) en Moscú discutió las perspectivas de resolver la situación del conflicto en Ossetia del sur, previniendo las crisis futuras y la rehabilitación económica de la zona del conflicto. Fijaron a un grupo de funcionamiento hasta prepara decisiones sobre el retiro de unidades ilegales, desmontar de puntos de comprobación ilegales y la creación de puntos de comprobación nuevos por fuerzas de paz.
El 5 de noviembre de 2004 las negociaciones fueron llevadas a cabo en Sochi entre el primer ministro georgiano Zurab Zhvania y el jefe de Ossetia del sur, Eduard Kokoity. Fueron mediados por el ministerio extranjero ruso representado por el primer diputado Ministro de Asuntos Exteriores Valery Loshchinin. Los partidos convinieron en la desmilitarización completa de la zona Georgiana-Ossetian del conflicto. El 13 de noviembre el ministro georgiano del estado Giorgi Khaindrava y el ministro especial de los asuntos del gobierno de Ossetia del sur Boris Chochiyev acordaron liquidar las trincheras y otras estructuras de los militares. El 15 de noviembre la liquidación de las estructuras militares de la ingeniería comenzó en la zona Georgiana-Ossetian del conflicto.
El 18 al 19 de noviembre de 2004 una reunión del JCC en Vladikavkaz repasó progreso en el cumplimiento de los acuerdos Rusos-brokered entre el primer ministro georgiano Zurab Zhvania y el presidente de la república desconocida de Ossetia del sur, Eduard Kokoity, alcanzado en Sochi el 5 de noviembre. El presidente de la república de Ossetia-Alania del norte Alexander Dzasokhov, hablando en la reunión de JCC, movió hacia atrás la oferta hecha por Zhvania y Kokoity para formar una zona económica especial que incluiría el districto de Alagir de Ossetia del norte, de Ossetia del sur y del districto de Gori de Georgia.
En enero de 2005 Mikheil Saakashvili anunció iniciativas de la paz con respecto a Ossetia del sur en una reunión del PASO en Estrasburgo. Ossetia del sur fue ofrecido la amplia autonomía como parte del solo estado georgiano. Presidente George W. Bush en una conversación de teléfono movió hacia atrás el 15 de febrero las iniciativas de Saakashvili. Presidente del sur Eduard Kokoity de Ossetian, comentando respecto a las iniciativas de Saakashvili, dijo que “Ossetia del sur ha sido de largo una república independiente” y no podría haber cuestión de crear un estado común con Georgia.
El 11 de marzo de 2005 Mikheil Saakashvili dijo a informe que él no esperara de largo la respuesta de Tskhinvali a sus iniciativas en el estado de Ossetia del sur. Él observó que algunos representantes de las autoridades de Tskhinvali dieron la bienvenida a las iniciativas georgianas, pero no podía tomar una decisión. Él dijo que la región y el Abkhazia de Tskhinvali “parte nunca convertida de un imperio, incluso de un imperio anterior.” “Éstas son nuestra gente, nuestro territorio llamado Georgia y nunca será llamada todo lo demás,” Saakashvili dicho.
El 16 al 17 de marzo de 2005 una reunión de las co-sillas de la Comisión común del control discutió la desmilitarización de la zona del conflicto en el marco de los acuerdos del noviembre de 2004 Sochi. Participaban en la reunión las delegaciones de Rusia, de Georgia, de Ossetia-Alania del norte y de Ossetia del sur.
El 20 al 21 de junio de 2005 una reunión de la emergencia de la Comisión común del control para el establecimiento del conflicto de Ossetia del Georgia-Sur fue celebrada en Moscú. Supusieron a los lados firmar un protocolo en la cooperación de los cuerpos de la ley-aplicación en la zona del conflicto. Sin embargo, el protocolo firmó considerado solamente la creación de un grupo para investigar los incidentes en la zona del conflicto el 29 de mayo y el 6 de junio (el asesinato de cuatro Ossetian y de los mecánicos georgianos uno y de la desaparición de cuatro Georgians).
El 10 de julio de 2005 una conferencia internacional sobre el establecimiento del conflicto Georgiano-Ossetian fue llevada a cabo en Batumi. Los representantes de Ossetia del sur boicotearon la conferencia. Durante el presidente georgiano de la conferencia Mikheil Saakashvili declaró que Georgia era lista conceder a Ossetia del sur la autonomía completa y enmendar la constitución del país por consiguiente. Él dijo que su plan del establecimiento del conflicto con Ossetia del sur era puesto en fase y tomaría tiempo considerable para poner en ejecución. Él dijo que el plan consideró todos los deseos expresados en las varias etapas por los representantes del sur de Ossetian. La república desconocida de la oferta de Saakashvili rechazado Ossetia del sur de la autonomía dentro de Georgia.
El 11 de octubre de 2005 el parlamento georgiano adoptó una resolución “en operaciones pacificadoras y la situación en las zonas del conflicto de Georgia.” Requirió las fuerzas de paz rusas, colocadas en la zona Georgiana-Ossetian del conflicto, para hacer cumplir la conformidad de ambas partes con sus acuerdos antes del 1 de febrero de 2006. Si no, el parlamento georgiano iniciaría el procedimiento del retiro del acuerdo de Dagomys de 1992 el 15 de febrero de 2006, y requiere las fuerzas de paz rusas retirarse.
El 8 de diciembre de 2005 la Comisión común del control celebró una reunión de la emergencia que seguía el aumento de tensiones en la zona Georgiana-Ossetian del conflicto. La comisión analizaba el conflicto y presentó a medidas de garantizar un establecimiento Georgiano-Ossetian pacífico. Valery Kenyaikin, embajador en grande del ministerio y de la cabeza extranjeros rusos de la parte rusa de la comisión, assistió a la reunión.
El 15 de febrero de 2006 el parlamento georgiano adoptó una declaración que consideraba la cesación de la operación pacificadora en la zona Georgiana-Ossetian del conflicto. Calificó la acción rusa en la región como “armó la intervención.”
El 31 de mayo de 2006 Las tropas rusas de la fuerza pacificadora común en la zona Georgiana-Ossetian del conflicto rotaron a tropas a través del túnel de Rok, que estaba fuera del control georgiano. Tbilisi miró el movimiento ruso como desafío oficial. Las autoridades georgianas alegaron que Rusia introducía a mayor contingente bajo modo de la rotación.
El 16 de julio de 2006 El policía georgiano siguió en coche a líderes comunes de la Comisión del control entonces parados y los detuvo. Fueron buscados, y sus pertenencia fueron confiscadas por varias horas. La reunión de la comisión tuvo que ser pospuesta para un día y una noche.
El 18 de julio de 2006 el parlamento georgiano adoptó una resolución en una retirada inmediata de las fuerzas de paz rusas del país.
El 27 de septiembre de 2006 Los servicios secretos georgianos arrestaron a cuatro oficiales militares rusos que trabajaban en el GRVZ (grupo de las tropas rusas en el Cáucaso del sur) en cargas del espionaje.
Según una declaración publicada por Marat Kulakhmetov, el comandante de la fuerza pacificadora común en la zona Georgiana-Ossetian del conflicto, que fue llevada por medioses de comunicación, un destacamento de fuerzas georgiano atacó un vehículo de un batallón pacificador del norte de Ossetian mientras que salía de la aldea de Avnevi el 29 de septiembre de 2006. Batieron a sargento Kudziyev, que estaba en el vehículo.
El 12 de noviembre de 2006 un referéndum en independencia fue celebrado en Ossetia del sur junto a las elecciones presidenciales.
El 7 de agosto Rusia acusada Georgia de un ataque del aire, demandando dos jets Su-25 con las marcas rusas impuestas en el espacio aéreo georgiano y los misiles disparados en una estación de radar cerca de Gori. El incidente incitó la cancelación de una reunión de Tbilisi de la Comisión común del control para la resolución Georgiana-Ossetian del conflicto (JCC) empizarrada para del 9 al 10 de agosto. Las tensiones se aflojaron en la zona del conflicto.
El 29 de agosto Las autoridades georgianas arrestaron y condenaron a dos mecánicos del batallón del Norte-Ossetian, del Tariel Khachirov y del Vitaly pacificadores Valiyev. Fueron detenidos en una prisión georgiana hasta el febrero de 2008, en la violación del derecho internacional y los acuerdos existentes en la resolución del conflicto Georgiano-Ossetian. Ni los representantes de la fuerza pacificadora común ordenan ni se permitió a los funcionarios de la embajada rusa en Tbilisi verlos; también fueron negados la derecha de utilizar a los abogados de defensa en las audiencias de corte.
La reasunción del proceso de negociación de la Comisión común del control para la resolución Georgiana-Ossetian del conflicto (JCC) después de que una rotura del doce-mes no trajera ningún progreso. Georgia y Ossetia del sur no pudieron ajustar sus posiciones y adoptar una declaración común durante las negociaciones llevadas a cabo el 23 al 24 de octubre de 2007 en las premisas de OSCE en Tbilisi.
El 31 de marzo de 2008 un poste del sur del policía de Ossetian cerca de la aldea de Okona en el districto de Znaur fue atacado por un grupo armado con los armas y los lanzadores de la granada. Military observers from the Joint Peacekeeping Force and the OSCE mission established that the shots were fired from an area controlled by Georgia. Two days before the shooting, Georgian police task force and security officers dressed as civilians had been seen in the vicinity.
On April 2 another armed group fired automatic weapons at a South Ossetian Defense Ministry checkpoint near the village of Andzi-si. The servicemen at the checkpoint did not return fire.
A total of 56 incidents of ceasefire violation by Georgian forces were registered by the Joint Peacekeeping Force in April 2008. Most of them involved random shooting with the purpose of fueling tension in the region. Georgian Interior Minister Vano Merabishvili, commenting on the explosion of an anti-personnel mine that injured a local police officer near the village of Kheiti, accused Russian peacekeepers of planting the mine. Later he spoke on Georgia's Alania TV Channel accusing the South Ossetian government of issuing 1,500 fake Russian passports to local residents.
On May 14 President of South Ossetia Eduard Kokoity said the Georgian special services were planning a terrorist attack in the territory of the self-proclaimed republic against Georgians and Georgian peacekeepers.
On May 15 Captain Vladimir Ivanov, an aide to the Joint Peacekeeping Force commander for contacts with the media, announced a planned rotation of the peacekeeping contingent in South Ossetia. Georgian media then spread information about an alleged expansion of the Russian peacekeeping contingent in the conflict zone, quoting Georgia's foreign minister. A routine rotation was described as a "provocation" and a "reckless enterprise."
On May 16 a bomb exploded on a roadside 200 meters from the Georgian village of Ergneti in the conflict zone. No one was hurt. Another bomb was detonated on the road between the Georgian villages of Eredvi and Ditsi. A Georgian Interior Ministry car was hit, injuring one Georgian special task force officer. A third explosion occurred on the same day in the vicinity of the village of Nikozi, where a local resident was injured by a mine in a field.
On July 3 as Dmitry Sanakoyev, head of the ‘alternative' Georgian-backed government of South Ossetia, was driving across the republic to Batumi to attend an international conference, his car was struck by a mine and fired at from the direction of local villages. Sanakoyev's bodyguards returned fire. The shooting went on for several minutes. Three of the guards were severely injured. Sanakoyev himself was unscathed. South Ossetian Interior Minister Mikhail Mindzayev said that the attack on Sanakoyev was orchestrated by Georgia to provide a pretext for invading the self-proclaimed republic.
In the early hours of July 4, 2008 Georgian forces used mortars, grenade launchers and guns to fire at Tskhinvali, the capital of South Ossetia, and the villages of Ubiat and Dmenis. One person was killed and three wounded. Georgian officials claimed that South Ossetia started the shooting and Georgia was forced to fire back in self-defense.
On July 7 the police in Russia's Southern Federal District detained four military men from the Georgian Defense Ministry in the village of Okon, South Ossetia's Znaur District. Officials of the breakaway region of South Ossetia claimed the detained men were pursuing intelligence activities in the Tskhinvali region. Georgian President Mikheil Saakashvili considered the detainment a hostage situation. On July 8, the detainees were released.
On July 9, Russia's Foreign Ministry issued a statement concerning the aggravated situation in the Georgian-Abkhazian and Georgian-Ossetian conflict zones, which said that "For the past several days, the situation in the Georgian-Abkhazian and Georgian-South Ossetian conflict zones has intensified. The city of Tskhinvali has been shelled by the Georgian army, with victims registered among civilians. Fighters and unmanned aircraft of the Georgian Air Force have repeatedly violated the conflict territorial air zones. In a terrorist attack, a South Ossetian police officer was killed. Georgian military set up a post at a strategic site near the village of Sarabuki. Additional military equipment was moved from Georgia into the conflict zone without any coordination with the Joint Peacekeeping Forces, which was registered by military observers including by the OSCE mission in Georgia. These actions point to an open and planned aggression against South Ossetia, which is the internationally recognized side in settling the conflict."
On August 1 and 2, the tension in the Georgian-South Ossetian conflict zone was aggravated due to a massive shelling of Tskhinvali's residential districts, which led to numerous deaths among civilians, with six South Ossetians killed and 15 wounded. Georgia claimed this was a response to South Ossetia's gunfire on Georgia's territory. South Ossetia began evacuating the region's residents to North Ossetia, with 2,500 people leaving their homes during the two days after the shelling.
On August 6, South Ossetian President Eduard Kokoity said he would take "the toughest measures" toward "militants firing at the villages." Previously, the breakaway region's Defense Ministry reported that the Georgian side started sniper fire at the South Ossetian villages of Mugut and Didmukha in the Znaur District at around 12:00 p.m. According to South Ossetian sources, the Georgian special forces attempted to occupy Nul Height to gain control over the Znaur road and the South Ossetian villages located along the road. In the afternoon, it was reported that an aggressive battle was taking place at the village of Nul.
Irina Gagloyeva, head of South Ossetia's Committee for Information and the Press, told RIA Novosti that South Ossetian units had forced the Georgian military units out of Nul Height.
Georgia's Interior Ministry, however, denied the reports.
The same day, the special envoy of the Russian Foreign Ministry, Yury Popov, said direct Georgian-South Ossetian talks with Russian mediators were offered in the Joint Peacekeeping Forces' headquarters for August 7. However, Tskhinvali refused the offer.
On August 7 Georgian President Mikheil Saakashvili, in his national TV address to Georgia and to the Tskhinvali region, said he was ready for any negotiations to settle the conflict with South Ossetia. He suggested Russia become a guarantor of South Ossetia's autonomy within Georgia.
According to the South Ossetian Interior Ministry, on August 7 Georgia started ground fire and shelling of the South Ossetian capital Tskhinvali from the village of Nikozi. Then, according to Tskhinvali, the shelling and shooting at the South Ossetian village of Khetagurovo was started from the Georgian village of Avnevi. About 10 people were killed and another 50 received various wounds. The Georgian media, however, reported that the South Ossetian side had been shelling the Georgian villages of Avnevi and Nuli for three hours. According to the information of the Joint Peacekeeping Forces in the conflict zone, it was the Georgian side that started firing first. Also, there were reports that Russian peacekeepers were fired on.
On August 8 Georgia started military operations in the Georgian-Ossetian conflict zone.
15:04 | 13/ 08/ 2008
The article was written using information of RIA Novosti news agency and open sources
Rian.ru
Chronicle del conflitto Georgiano-Ossetian: Foglio di fatto
Automatically translated into Italian thanks to WorldLingo
Nei tempi del Soviet Ossetia del sud era una zona autonoma all'interno della Georgia. Nel primo presidente 1991 della Georgia, Zviad Gamsakhurdia, ha abolito l'autonomia. Le autorità del sud di Ossetian hanno rifiutato quella decisione e messe in su una resistenza munita al Georgians.
Nel gennaio 1991 la guerra aperta ha scoppiato fra la Georgia e Ossetia del sud che esigono gli incidenti pesanti da entrambi i lati.
Dopo che il conflitto munito, che ha durato fino al 1992, controllo perso la Georgia sopra le forze di mantenimento della pace e del territorio sia introdotto nella zona di conflitto.
In 1994 i colloqui per depositare il conflitto hanno cominciato. Il 16 maggio 1996 un memorandum sulle misure di riservatezza e di sicurezza fra i lati è stato firmato a Mosca. Il presidente georgiano Eduard Shevardnadze ed il presidente del sud Lyudvig Chibirov di Ossetian hanno avuti parecchie riunioni per discutere i sensi concludere il conflitto. La Russia era il mediatore nel processo di trattativa. Il 23 dicembre 2000 un accordo intergovernativo Russo-Georgiano è stato firmato su interazione e su ricostruzione economica nella zona Georgiana-Ossetian di conflitto ed al ritorno dei rifugiati. Nell'aprile 2001 un referendum in Ossetia del sud ha introdotto i cambiamenti nella costituzione della repubblica. La Georgia considerare il referendum come illegale.
Il 22 dicembre 2001 la missione di OSCE nella Georgia e nella Commissione Europea ha firmato un accordo su una concessione di euro 210.000 affinchè le misure depositi il conflitto Georgiano-Ossetian. La Commissione Europea ha preso una parte attiva nella raccolta e nel distruggere delle armi nella zona di conflitto.
La decima riunione delle delegazioni ufficiali dei partiti ha avvenuto come componente delle trattative per depositare il conflitto Georgiano-Ossetian fuori di L'aia il 14 al 17 ottobre 2003. Stavano partecipando alle consultazioni i rappresentanti della Repubblica di Ossetia-Alania del nord, delle co-sedie olandesi del OSCE, della testa della missione di OSCE alla Georgia e dei rappresentanti della Commissione Europea. Per la prima volta i partiti non sono riuscito a firmare un protocollo finale dovuto le differenze sostanziali sopra il relativo soddisfare.
Il 31 maggio 2004 il comandante delle forze di mantenimento della pace del giunto nella zona Georgiana-Ossetian di conflitto, Svyatoslav Nabdzorov, ha dichiarato l'intenzione di liquidare i punti di controllo che il ministero interno georgiano aveva installato apparentemente lungo la strada principale di Gori-Tskhinvali per arrestare il trasporto delle merci smuggled.
Il 1° giugno 2004 il ministero straniero russo ha rilasciato tre dichiarazione sulla situazione nella zona Georgiana-Ossetian di conflitto. Il ministero russo ha invitato le autorità georgiane per riconoscere il pericolo dei provocations nella regione.
Il 2 giugno 2004, nel corso di una riunione dei co-presidenti della Commissione unita di controllo per lo stabilimento del conflitto Georgiano-Ossetian i rappresentanti di Ossetian e georgiani hanno accosentito per non usare la forza o la pressione economica riguardo a vicenda.
Il 3 giugno 2004 La Georgia ha trasmesso 20 flatcars con i carri armati e veicoli corazzati, parecchi razzi del Grad e 350 guarde della pace alla zona di Tskhinvali. La Georgia ha avuta 150 truppe munite con le piccole armi vicino a Tskhinvali. Tutti in tutto, la Georgia possono avere 500 meccanici con le quantità limitate di armatura nella zona di conflitto, ministero della difesa del paese detto.
Il 28 giugno 2004 tre membri del ministero georgiano di sicurezza sono stati ritenuti su sospetto degli atti commettenti di sabotaggio e di terrorismo in Ossetia del sud. A seguito dell'avvenimento la Georgia ha rifiutato di presenziare alla riunione della Commissione unita di controllo dovuta essere tenuto a Mosca il 30 giugno. Il 3 luglio i rappresentanti dei servizi speciali georgiani sono stati liberati. La Georgia ha dichiarato che continuerebbe a funzionare con la commissione.
Il 30 giugno 2004 Le guarde della pace russe sono state attacate da un'unità interna georgiana di ministero. Il ministero straniero russo ha invitato Tbilisi “per non portare la situazione in Ossetia del sud ad un punto di pericolo.„ Mosca “non ha dubbio che il grippaggio impetuoso della proprietà militare è stato puntato su deliberatamente più ulteriormente che aggrava la situazione in Ossetia del sud e che insidia i rapporti Russo-Georgiani,„ il ministero straniero russo ha detto.
La situazione nella zona Georgiana-Ossetian di conflitto ha preso una girata per il più difettoso quando un munito si scontra accaduto nel Gorge di Liakhvi in Ossetia del sud. Tbilisi ha segnalato che due guarde della pace georgiane sono state ferite ed una è stata rapinata. L'8 al 9 luglio i colloqui sono stati tenuti in Tskhinvali fra il ministro georgiano di dichiarano Giorgi Khaindrava ed il delegato comandante del tenente il General russo Valery Yevnevich delle forze al suolo sullo stabilimento del conflitto Georgiano-Ossetian. I due lati hanno discusso le misure stabilizzare la situazione intorno a Ossetia del sud.
L'11 luglio una riunione ha avvenuto in Tskhinvali fra la testa della repubblica non riconosciuta di Ossetia del sud Eduard Kokoity e l'ambasciatore speciale Lev Mironov del ministero straniero russo per discutere la preparazione e la tenuta della riunione della Commissione unita di controllo (JCC) sullo stabilimento della situazione in Ossetia del sud. Lo stesso giorno su una riunione di funzionamento ha avvenuto in Tskhinvali fra i co-presidenti del JCC con la partecipazione dell'ambasciatore speciale del sud Boris Chochiyev e un rappresentante di Ossetian del governo del nord di Ossetian, Teimuraz Kusov. I partiti hanno accosentito per arrestare tutte le azioni provocatorie nella zona Georgiana-Ossetian di conflitto. I partiti stanti in conflitto hanno impegnato per arrestare la fucilazione e per alzare il blocco economico.
Il 14 luglio 2004 il primo tondo dei colloqui ad alto livello chiusi nella disposizione di JCC è stato tenuto a Mosca. I partiti hanno accosentito che le unità munite illegali hanno dovuto essere ritirate dalla zona di conflitto. Hanno confermato la condizione delle guarde della pace nella zona di conflitto. Il presidente del Consiglio di sicurezza nazionale georgiano, Gela Bezhuashvili, ad esempio che la soluzione del problema del sud di Ossetian risiede nel ripristino di integrità territoriale della Georgia.
Il 15 luglio, durante il secondo tondo dei colloqui, i membri della riunione di JCC hanno firmato un documento definitivo che invitano i capi di Tbilisi e di Tskhinvali non usare la forza per risolvere il conflitto. I partiti hanno dovuto honor tutti gli accordi precedenti. Tutte le unità munite illegali dovevano essere disarmate ed i veicoli militari hanno dovuto essere ritirati dalla zona di conflitto. Un punto separato nel protocollo è stato dedicato al sussidio umanitario: i partiti hanno riaffermato che tali carichi erano di godere un regime favorevole di dogana, come prescritto dagli accordi 1992 di Dagomys. I lati hanno accosentito che il JCC sarebbe un corpo permanente basato in Tskhinvali e che la seguente riunione avverrebbe più successivamente a Tbilisi parecchi giorni.
Ad una riunione in Tskhinvali il 19 luglio 2004 i rappresentanti della Georgia, Ossetia del sud, Ossetia del nord e la Russia hanno accosentito per installare un gruppo delle segretarie delle parti georgiane, di sud e del nord di Ossetian del JCC; e il 21 luglio, il gruppo ed il counselor all'ambasciata russa nella Georgia hanno tenuto la loro prima riunione a Tbilisi. La Georgia e Ossetia del sud hanno riaffermato il loro impegno ad uno stabilimento pacifico in conflitto Georgiano-Ossetian e ad impedire un'escalation dei tensionamenti. Una riunione dei rappresentanti delle co-sedie del JCC in Tskhinvali il 22 luglio ha fissato le scadenze per l'inizio di perlustrazione unita della zona Georgiana-Ossetian di conflitto dalle guarde della pace ed osservatori di OSCE e gli itinerari delle pattuglie.
Il 30 settembre al 2 ottobre 2004 una riunione unita della Commissione di controllo (JCC) a Mosca ha discusso i prospetti di risoluzione della situazione di conflitto in Ossetia del sud, impedendo le crisi future e la riabilitazione economica della zona di conflitto. Un gruppo di lavoro è stato regolato fino a prepara le decisioni sul ritiro delle unità illegali, sullo smantellamento dei punti di controllo illegali e sulla messa in opera di nuovi punti di controllo dalle guarde della pace.
Il 5 novembre 2004 i colloqui sono stati tenuti a Sochi fra il Primo Ministro georgiano Zurab Zhvania e la testa di Ossetia del sud, Eduard Kokoity. Sono stati mediati dal ministero straniero russo rappresentato dal primo delegato Foreign Minister Valery Loshchinin. I partiti hanno accosentito su demilitarization completo della zona Georgiana-Ossetian di conflitto. Il 13 novembre il ministro georgiano di dichiara Giorgi Khaindrava e ministro speciale di affari del governo di Ossetia del sud Boris Chochiyev accosentito per liquidare i dugouts ed altre strutture militari. Il 15 novembre la liquidazione delle strutture militari di ingegneria ha cominciato nella zona Georgiana-Ossetian di conflitto.
Il 18 al 19 novembre 2004 una riunione del JCC in Vladikavkaz ha rivisto il progresso nell'adempimento degli accordi Russi-brokered fra il Primo Ministro georgiano Zurab Zhvania ed il presidente della Repubblica non riconosciuta di Ossetia del sud, Eduard Kokoity, raggiunto a Sochi il 5 novembre. Il presidente della Repubblica di Ossetia-Alania del nord Alexander Dzasokhov, parlante alla riunione di JCC, ha sostenuto la proposta presentata da Zhvania e da Kokoity per formare una zona economica speciale che includerebbe il distretto di Alagir di Ossetia del nord, di Ossetia del sud e del distretto di Gori della Georgia.
Nel gennaio 2005 Mikheil Saakashvili ha annunciato le iniziative di pace riguardo a Ossetia del sud ad una riunione di PASSO a Strasburgo. Ossetia del sud è stato offerto la vasta autonomia come componente di singolo georgiano dichiara. Presidente George W. Bush in una conversazione telefonica il 15 febbraio ha sostenuto le iniziative del Saakashvili. Il presidente del sud Eduard Kokoity di Ossetian, commentante le iniziative del Saakashvili, ha dichiarato che “Ossetia del sud lungamente è stato una repubblica indipendente„ e non ci potrebbe essere domanda di generazione del terreno comunale dichiara con la Georgia.
L'11 marzo 2005 Mikheil Saakashvili ha detto ad un'istruzione a che non aspettasse lungamente la risposta del Tskhinvali alle sue iniziative sulla condizione di Ossetia del sud. Ha notato che alcuni rappresentanti delle autorità di Tskhinvali si sono felicitati delle iniziative georgiane, ma non poteva prendere una decisione. Ha detto che la regione e il Abkhazia di Tskhinvali “parte mai non diventata di un impero, anche di un impero precedente.„ “Queste sono la nostra gente, il nostro territorio denominato la Georgia e mai non sarà denominata niente altro,„ Saakashvili detto.
Il 16 al 17 marzo 2005 una riunione delle co-sedie della Commissione unita di controllo ha discusso il demilitarization della zona di conflitto nel quadro degli accordi del novembre 2004 Sochi. Stavano partecipando nella riunione le delegazioni della Russia, della Georgia, di Ossetia-Alania del nord e di Ossetia del sud.
Il 20 al 21 giugno 2005 una riunione di emergenza della Commissione unita di controllo per lo stabilimento del conflitto di Ossetia di Georgia-Sud è stata tenuta a Mosca. I lati sono stati supposti di firmare un protocollo relativo alla cooperazione dei corpi di legge-applicazione nella zona di conflitto. Tuttavia, il protocollo ha firmato previsto soltanto la creazione di un gruppo per studiare gli avvenimenti nella zona di conflitto il 29 maggio e il 6 giugno (l'omicidio di quattro Ossetian e dei meccanici georgiani uno e della scomparsa di quattro Georgians).
Il 10 luglio 2005 un congresso internazionale sullo stabilimento del conflitto Georgiano-Ossetian è stato tenuto in Batumi. I rappresentanti di Ossetia del sud hanno boicottato il congresso. Durante il presidente georgiano di congresso Mikheil Saakashvili ha dichiarato che la Georgia era aspetta per assegnare a Ossetia del sud l'autonomia completa e per emendare di conseguenza la costituzione del paese. Ha detto che il suo programma dello stabilimento del conflitto con Ossetia del sud era messo ed occorrerebbe tempo considerevole effettuare. Ha detto che il programma ha considerato tutti i voti espressi nelle varie fasi dai rappresentanti del sud di Ossetian. La repubblica non riconosciuta dell'offerta del Saakashvili rifiutato Ossetia del sud di autonomia all'interno della Georgia.
L'11 ottobre 2005 il Parlamento georgiano ha adottato una risoluzione “sui funzionamenti di mantenimento della pace e sulla situazione nelle zone di conflitto della Georgia.„ Ha richiesto le guarde della pace russe, disposte nella zona Georgiana-Ossetian di conflitto, per fare rispettare la conformità di entrambi i partiti ai loro accordi prima del 1° febbraio 2006. Altrimenti, il Parlamento georgiano inizierebbe il 15 febbraio 2006 la procedura di ritiro dall'accordo di Dagomys di 1992 e richiede le guarde della pace russe ritirarsi.
L'8 dicembre 2005 la Commissione unita di controllo ha tenuto una riunione di emergenza che segue l'aumento dei tensionamenti nella zona Georgiana-Ossetian di conflitto. La commissione ha analizzato il conflitto ed ha presentato le misure garantire uno stabilimento Georgiano-Ossetian pacifico. Valery Kenyaikin, ambasciatore nel suo insieme del Ministero e della testa stranieri russi della parte russa della commissione, ha presenziato alla riunione.
Il 15 febbraio 2006 il Parlamento georgiano ha adottato una dichiarazione che prevede la cessazione del funzionamento di mantenimento della pace nella zona Georgiana-Ossetian di conflitto. Ha qualificato l'azione russa nella regione come “ha munito l'intervento.„
Il 31 maggio 2006 Le truppe russe della forza unita di mantenimento della pace nella zona Georgiana-Ossetian di conflitto hanno ruotato le truppe tramite il traforo di Rok, che era da controllo georgiano. Tbilisi ha considerare il movimento russo come una sfida ufficiale. Le autorità georgiane hanno dichiarato che la Russia stava introducendo un contingente più grande sotto l'apparenza di rotazione.
Il 16 luglio 2006 La polizia georgiana ha seguito in automobile i capi uniti della Commissione di controllo allora interrotti e li ha ritenuti. Sono stati cercati ed i loro effetti personali sono stati confiscati per parecchie ore. La riunione della commissione ha dovuto essere posposta per un giorno e una notte.
Il 18 luglio 2006 il Parlamento georgiano ha adottato una risoluzione su un'estrazione immediata delle guarde della pace russe dal paese.
Il 27 settembre 2006 I servizi segreti georgiani hanno arrestato quattro ufficiali militari russi che lavorano nel GRVZ (gruppo delle truppe russe in Caucaso del sud) sulle spese di spionaggio.
Secondo una dichiarazione ha pubblicato da Marat Kulakhmetov, il comandante della forza unita di mantenimento della pace nella zona Georgiana-Ossetian di conflitto, che è stata trasportata dai mass-media, un gruppo di esperti georgiano ha attacato un veicolo di un battaglione del nord di mantenimento della pace di Ossetian mentre stava lasciando il villaggio di Avnevi il 29 settembre 2006. Il Sergeant Kudziyev, che era nel veicolo, è stato battuto.
Il 12 novembre 2006 un referendum su indipendenza è stato tenuto in Ossetia del sud accanto alle elezioni presidenziali.
Il 7 agosto La Georgia accusa la Russia di un attacco dell'aria, esigente due getti Su-25 con le marcature russe intruded nella cubatura georgiana ed ha infornato i missili ad una stazione di radar vicino a Gori. L'avvenimento ha richiamato l'annullamento di una riunione de Tbilisi della Commissione unita di controllo per risoluzione Georgiana-Ossetian di conflitto (JCC) prevista per dal 9 al 10 agosto. Tensionamenti sollevati nella zona di conflitto.
Il 29 agosto Le autorità georgiane hanno arrestato e condannato due meccanici dal battaglione di mantenimento della pace di Nord-Ossetian, dal Tariel Khachirov e dal Vitaly Valiyev. Sono stati ritenuti in una prigione georgiana al febbraio 2008, in violazione diritto internazionale e degli accordi attuali su risoluzione del conflitto Georgiano-Ossetian. Nè i rappresentanti della forza unita di mantenimento della pace comandano nè ai funzionari dall'ambasciata russa a Tbilisi sono stati permessi vederli; inoltre sono stati negati la destra usare gli avvocati di difesa alle udienze di corte.
La ripresa del processo di negoziazione dalla Commissione unita di controllo per risoluzione Georgiana-Ossetian di conflitto (JCC) dopo che una rottura di dodici-mese non porti alcun progresso. La Georgia e Ossetia del sud non sono riuscito a registrare le loro posizioni ed ad adottare una dichiarazione unita durante i colloqui tenuti il 23 al 24 ottobre 2007 ai locali di OSCE a Tbilisi.
Il 31 marzo 2008 un alberino del sud della polizia di Ossetian vicino al villaggio di Okona nel distretto di Znaur è stato attacato da un gruppo munito con le pistole ed i lanciagranate della granata. Military observers from the Joint Peacekeeping Force and the OSCE mission established that the shots were fired from an area controlled by Georgia. Two days before the shooting, Georgian police task force and security officers dressed as civilians had been seen in the vicinity.
On April 2 another armed group fired automatic weapons at a South Ossetian Defense Ministry checkpoint near the village of Andzi-si. The servicemen at the checkpoint did not return fire.
A total of 56 incidents of ceasefire violation by Georgian forces were registered by the Joint Peacekeeping Force in April 2008. Most of them involved random shooting with the purpose of fueling tension in the region. Georgian Interior Minister Vano Merabishvili, commenting on the explosion of an anti-personnel mine that injured a local police officer near the village of Kheiti, accused Russian peacekeepers of planting the mine. Later he spoke on Georgia's Alania TV Channel accusing the South Ossetian government of issuing 1,500 fake Russian passports to local residents.
On May 14 President of South Ossetia Eduard Kokoity said the Georgian special services were planning a terrorist attack in the territory of the self-proclaimed republic against Georgians and Georgian peacekeepers.
On May 15 Captain Vladimir Ivanov, an aide to the Joint Peacekeeping Force commander for contacts with the media, announced a planned rotation of the peacekeeping contingent in South Ossetia. Georgian media then spread information about an alleged expansion of the Russian peacekeeping contingent in the conflict zone, quoting Georgia's foreign minister. A routine rotation was described as a "provocation" and a "reckless enterprise."
On May 16 a bomb exploded on a roadside 200 meters from the Georgian village of Ergneti in the conflict zone. No one was hurt. Another bomb was detonated on the road between the Georgian villages of Eredvi and Ditsi. A Georgian Interior Ministry car was hit, injuring one Georgian special task force officer. A third explosion occurred on the same day in the vicinity of the village of Nikozi, where a local resident was injured by a mine in a field.
On July 3 as Dmitry Sanakoyev, head of the ‘alternative' Georgian-backed government of South Ossetia, was driving across the republic to Batumi to attend an international conference, his car was struck by a mine and fired at from the direction of local villages. Sanakoyev's bodyguards returned fire. The shooting went on for several minutes. Three of the guards were severely injured. Sanakoyev himself was unscathed. South Ossetian Interior Minister Mikhail Mindzayev said that the attack on Sanakoyev was orchestrated by Georgia to provide a pretext for invading the self-proclaimed republic.
In the early hours of July 4, 2008 Georgian forces used mortars, grenade launchers and guns to fire at Tskhinvali, the capital of South Ossetia, and the villages of Ubiat and Dmenis. One person was killed and three wounded. Georgian officials claimed that South Ossetia started the shooting and Georgia was forced to fire back in self-defense.
On July 7 the police in Russia's Southern Federal District detained four military men from the Georgian Defense Ministry in the village of Okon, South Ossetia's Znaur District. Officials of the breakaway region of South Ossetia claimed the detained men were pursuing intelligence activities in the Tskhinvali region. Georgian President Mikheil Saakashvili considered the detainment a hostage situation. On July 8, the detainees were released.
On July 9, Russia's Foreign Ministry issued a statement concerning the aggravated situation in the Georgian-Abkhazian and Georgian-Ossetian conflict zones, which said that "For the past several days, the situation in the Georgian-Abkhazian and Georgian-South Ossetian conflict zones has intensified. The city of Tskhinvali has been shelled by the Georgian army, with victims registered among civilians. Fighters and unmanned aircraft of the Georgian Air Force have repeatedly violated the conflict territorial air zones. In a terrorist attack, a South Ossetian police officer was killed. Georgian military set up a post at a strategic site near the village of Sarabuki. Additional military equipment was moved from Georgia into the conflict zone without any coordination with the Joint Peacekeeping Forces, which was registered by military observers including by the OSCE mission in Georgia. These actions point to an open and planned aggression against South Ossetia, which is the internationally recognized side in settling the conflict."
On August 1 and 2, the tension in the Georgian-South Ossetian conflict zone was aggravated due to a massive shelling of Tskhinvali's residential districts, which led to numerous deaths among civilians, with six South Ossetians killed and 15 wounded. Georgia claimed this was a response to South Ossetia's gunfire on Georgia's territory. South Ossetia began evacuating the region's residents to North Ossetia, with 2,500 people leaving their homes during the two days after the shelling.
On August 6, South Ossetian President Eduard Kokoity said he would take "the toughest measures" toward "militants firing at the villages." Previously, the breakaway region's Defense Ministry reported that the Georgian side started sniper fire at the South Ossetian villages of Mugut and Didmukha in the Znaur District at around 12:00 p.m. According to South Ossetian sources, the Georgian special forces attempted to occupy Nul Height to gain control over the Znaur road and the South Ossetian villages located along the road. In the afternoon, it was reported that an aggressive battle was taking place at the village of Nul.
Irina Gagloyeva, head of South Ossetia's Committee for Information and the Press, told RIA Novosti that South Ossetian units had forced the Georgian military units out of Nul Height.
Georgia's Interior Ministry, however, denied the reports.
The same day, the special envoy of the Russian Foreign Ministry, Yury Popov, said direct Georgian-South Ossetian talks with Russian mediators were offered in the Joint Peacekeeping Forces' headquarters for August 7. However, Tskhinvali refused the offer.
On August 7 Georgian President Mikheil Saakashvili, in his national TV address to Georgia and to the Tskhinvali region, said he was ready for any negotiations to settle the conflict with South Ossetia. He suggested Russia become a guarantor of South Ossetia's autonomy within Georgia.
According to the South Ossetian Interior Ministry, on August 7 Georgia started ground fire and shelling of the South Ossetian capital Tskhinvali from the village of Nikozi. Then, according to Tskhinvali, the shelling and shooting at the South Ossetian village of Khetagurovo was started from the Georgian village of Avnevi. About 10 people were killed and another 50 received various wounds. The Georgian media, however, reported that the South Ossetian side had been shelling the Georgian villages of Avnevi and Nuli for three hours. According to the information of the Joint Peacekeeping Forces in the conflict zone, it was the Georgian side that started firing first. Also, there were reports that Russian peacekeepers were fired on.
On August 8 Georgia started military operations in the Georgian-Ossetian conflict zone.
15:04 | 13/ 08/ 2008
The article was written using information of RIA Novosti news agency and open sources
Rian.ru
Chronik des Georgischen-Ossetian Konflikts: Tatsache Blatt
Automatically translated into German thanks to WorldLingo
In den Sowjetzeiten war SüdOssetia ein autonomer Bereich innerhalb Georgia. Georgia ersten Präsidenten 1991 schaffte Zviad Gamsakhurdia, die Autonomie ab. Die SüdOssetian Behörden wiesen diese Entscheidung zurück und oben setzen einem bewaffneten Widerstand zum Georgians.
Im Januar 1991 geöffnete Kriegsführung brach zwischen Georgia und SüdOssetia aus, die schwere Unfall auf beiden Seiten behaupten.
Nachdem der bewaffnete Konflikt, der bis 1992 dauerte, Georgia verlorene Steuerung über Gegend und den Friedenssicherungkräften in die Konfliktzone eingeführt wurden.
1994 die Gespräche, zum des Konflikts beizulegen fingen an. Am 16. Mai 1996 wurde ein Protokoll auf Sicherheit und Vertrauen Massen zwischen den Seiten in Moskau unterzeichnet. Der georgische Präsident Eduard Shevardnadze und der SüdOssetian Präsident Lyudvig Chibirov hatten einige Sitzungen, zum von Weisen zu besprechen, den Konflikt zu beenden. Rußland war der Vermittler im Vermittlung Prozeß. Am 23. Dezember 2000 wurde ein Russisch-Georgischer zwischenstaatlicher Vertrag auf Interaktion und ökonomischer Rekonstruktion in der Georgischen-Ossetian Konfliktzone und auf der Rückkehr der Flüchtlinge geschlossen. Im April 2001 ändert ein Referendum in eingeführtem SüdOssetia in der Beschaffenheit der Republik. Georgia betrachtet das Referendum, ungültig zu sein.
Am 22. Dezember 2001 die OSCE Mission in Georgia und in der Europäischen Kommission schloß einen Vertrag über eine Bewilligung des Euro 210.000, damit Masse den Georgischen-Ossetian Konflikt beilegen. Die Europäische Kommission nahm aktives an den sammelnden und zerstörenden Waffen in der Konfliktzone teil.
Die 10. Sitzung der amtlichen Delegationen der Parteien fand als Teil der Vermittlungen statt, um den Georgischen-Ossetian Konflikt außerhalb Den Haags am 14. bis 17. Oktober 2003 beizulegen. An den Beratungen nahmen die Repräsentanten der Republik von NordOssetia-Alania, der holländischen Costühle des OSCE, des Kopfes der OSCE Mission zu Georgia und der Repräsentanten der Europäischen Kommission teil. Zum ersten Mal konnten die Parteien ein abschließendes Protokoll wegen der wesentlichen Unterschiede über seinem Inhalt unterzeichnen nicht.
Am 31. Mai 2004 der Kommandant der Verbindung Friedenssicherung-Kräfte in der Georgischen-Ossetian Konfliktzone, Svyatoslav Nabdzorov, erklärte die Absicht, die Prüfpunkte zu liquidieren, die das georgische Innenministerium entlang die Gori-Tskhinvali Landstraße anscheinend aufgestellt hatte, um den Transport der geschmuggelten Waren zu stoppen.
Am 1. Juni 2004 das russische fremde Ministerium gab drei Aussagen auf der Situation in der Georgischen-Ossetian Konfliktzone ab. Das russische Ministerium ersuchte um die georgischen Behörden, um die Gefahr von Provokationen in der Region zu erkennen.
Am 2. Juni 2004, während einer Sitzung der Covorsitzenden der gemeinsamen Steuerkommission zu einer Regelung des Georgischen-Ossetian Konflikts waren die georgischen und Ossetian Repräsentanten, damit einverstanden Kraft oder ökonomischen Druck nicht hinsichtlich einander zu verwenden.
Am 3. Juni 2004 Georgia schickte 20 flatcars mit Behältern und gepanzerte Träger, einige Absolventraketen und 350 Friedenstruppen zum Tskhinvali Bereich. Georgia hatte 150 Truppen, die mit den kleinen Armen nahe Tskhinvali bewaffnet wurden. Alles in allem, Georgia können 500 Soldaten mit begrenzten Quantitäten der Rüstung in der Konfliktzone, das gesagte Verteidigung-Ministerium des Landes haben.
Am 28. Juni 2004 drei Mitglieder des georgischen Sicherheit Ministeriums wurden auf Misstrauen der festlegensabotageakte und Terrorismus in SüdOssetia zurückgehalten. Nach dem Ereignis lehnte Georgia ab, sich die Sitzung der gemeinsamen Steuerkommission zu sorgen, die passend ist, in Moskau am 30. Juni gehalten zu werden. Am 3. Juli wurden die Repräsentanten der georgischen speziellen Dienstleistungen freigegeben. Georgia erklärte, daß es fortfahren würde, mit der Kommission zu arbeiten.
Am 30. Juni 2004 Russische Friedenstruppen wurden durch eine georgische Innenministeriummaßeinheit in Angriff genommen. Das russische fremde Ministerium ersuchte um Tbilisi „, um die Situation in SüdOssetia nicht zu einem Gefahrenpunkt zu holen.“ Moskau „hat keinen Zweifel, daß die gewaltsame Ergreifung der militärischen Eigenschaft absichtlich die Situation in SüdOssetia weiter verschlimmernd und die Russisch-Georgischen Relationen untergrabend angestrebt wurde,“ das russische fremde Ministerium sagte.
Die Situation in der Georgischen-Ossetian Konfliktzone nahm eine Umdrehung für das schlechtere, als ein bewaffnetes Zusammentreffen in der Liakhvi Schlucht in SüdOssetia auftrat. Tbilisi berichtete, daß zwei georgische Friedenstruppen verwundet wurden und eine entführt. Am 8. bis 9. Juli Gespräche wurden in Tskhinvali zwischen georgischem Minister des Zustandes Giorgi Khaindrava und Abgeordneter Kommandant des russischen Bodentruppe-Leutnants General Valery Yevnevich auf der Regelung des Georgischen-Ossetian Konflikts gehalten. Die zwei Seiten besprachen Masse, die Situation um SüdOssetia zu stabilisieren.
Am 11. Juli eine Sitzung fand in Tskhinvali zwischen dem Kopf der unerkannten Republik von SüdOssetia Eduard Kokoity und der russischen fremden spezielle Botschafter Lev Mironov des Ministeriums statt, um die Vorbereitung und die Holding der Sitzung der gemeinsamen Steuerkommission (JCC) auf der Regelung der Situation in SüdOssetia zu besprechen. Am gleichen Tag fand eine Arbeitssitzung in Tskhinvali zwischen den Covorsitzenden des JCC mit der Teilnahme des SüdOssetian speziellen Botschafters Boris Chochiyev und ein Repräsentant von der NordOssetian Regierung, Teimuraz Kusov statt. Die Parteien waren damit einverstanden, alle provozierenden Tätigkeiten in der Georgischen-Ossetian Konfliktzone zu stoppen. Die kontroversen Parteien versprochen, um das Schießen zu stoppen und die Wirtschaftsblockade anzuheben.
Am 14. Juli 2004 der erste Umlauf der geschlossenen hochqualifizierten Gespräche im JCC Format wurde in Moskau gehalten. Die Parteien stimmten darin überein, daß ungültige bewaffnete Maßeinheiten von der Konfliktzone zurückgenommen werden mußten. Sie bestätigten den Status der Friedenstruppen in der Konfliktzone. Der Vorsitzende des georgischen Staatssicherheit Rates, Gela Bezhuashvili, gesagt, daß die Lösung des SüdOssetian Problems in die Wiederherstellung von Georgia territorialer Vollständigkeit legen.
Am 15. Juli, während des zweiten Umlaufes der Gespräche, unterzeichneten die Mitglieder der JCC Sitzung ein abschließendes Dokument um die Führer von Tbilisi und von Tskhinvali ersuchend, Kraft nicht aufzuwenden, um den Konflikt zu beheben. Die Parteien mußten alle vorhergehenden Vereinbarungen ehren. Alle ungültigen bewaffneten Maßeinheiten sollten entwaffnet werden und militärische Träger mußten von der Konfliktzone zurückgenommen werden. Ein unterschiedlicher Punkt im Protokoll wurde humanitärem Hilfsmittel gewidmet: die Parteien nochmals versicherten, daß solche Ladungen, ein vorteilhaftes Gewohnheiten Regime zu genießen waren, wie durch die Dagomys Vereinbarungen 1992 vorgeschrieben. Die Seiten stimmten darin überein, daß das JCC ein dauerhafter Körper sein würde, der in Tskhinvali gegründet wurde und daß die folgende Sitzung in Tbilisi einige Tage später stattfinden würde.
Bei einer Sitzung in Tskhinvali am 19. Juli 2004 stimmten die Repräsentanten von Georgia, SüdOssetia, NordOssetia und Rußland Satz oben einer Gruppe Sekretärinnen der georgischen, Süden- und NordOssetian Teile des JCC zu; und am 21. Juli, hielten die Gruppe und der Ratgeber an der russischen Botschaft in Georgia ihre erste Sitzung in Tbilisi ab. Georgia und SüdOssetia versicherten ihre Verpflichtung zu einer ruhigen Regelung im Georgischen-Ossetian Konflikt und zum Verhindern einer Eskalation von Spannungen nochmals. Eine Sitzung der Repräsentanten der Costühle des JCC in Tskhinvali stellte am 22. Juli die Stichtage für den Anfang des gemeinsamen Patrouillierens der Georgischen-Ossetian Konfliktzone durch Friedenstruppen und OSCE Beobachter und die Wege der Patrouillen ein.
Am 30. September bis 2. Oktober 2004 eine gemeinsame Steuerkommission (JCC) Sitzung in Moskau besprach die Aussichten des Behebens der Konfliktsituation in SüdOssetia und verhinderte zukünftige Krisen und ökonomische Rehabilitation der Konfliktzone. Eine Arbeitsgruppe wurde bis vorbereiten Entscheidungen über die Zurücknahme der ungültigen Maßeinheiten, das Abbauen der ungültigen Prüfpunkte und die Aufstellung der neuen Prüfpunkte durch Friedenstruppen eingestellt.
Am 5. November 2004 Gespräche wurden in Sochi zwischen georgischem Premierminister Zurab Zhvania und dem Kopf von SüdOssetia, Eduard Kokoity gehalten. Sie wurden durch das russische fremde Ministerium vermittelt, das vom ersten Abgeordneten Außenminister Valery Loshchinin vertreten wurde. Die Parteien waren über volle Entmilitarisierung der Georgischen-Ossetian Konfliktzone einig. Am 13. November waren georgischer Minister des Zustandes Giorgi Khaindrava und spezieller Angelegenheiten Minister der Regierung von SüdOssetia Boris Chochiyev damit einverstanden, die Dugouts und andere Militärstrukturen zu liquidieren. Am 15. November fing die Verflüssigung von Vermögenswerten der militärischen Technikstrukturen in der Georgischen-Ossetian Konfliktzone an.
Am 18. bis 19. November 2004 eine Sitzung des JCC in Vladikavkaz wiederholte Fortschritt in der Erfüllung der Russischen-brokered Vereinbarungen zwischen georgischem Premierminister Zurab Zhvania und der Präsident von der unerkannten Republik von SüdOssetia, Eduard Kokoity, erreicht in Sochi am 5. November. Präsident der Republik von NordOssetia-Alania Alexander Dzasokhov, sprechend bei der JCC Sitzung, unterstützte den Antrag, der durch Zhvania und Kokoity gebildet wurde, um eine spezielle Wirtschaftszone zu bilden, die den Alagir Bezirk von NordOssetia, von SüdOssetia und von Gori Bezirk von Georgia miteinschließen würde.
Im Januar 2005 Mikheil Saakashvili verkündete Friedensinitiativen hinsichtlich SüdOssetia bei einer SCHRITT-Sitzung in Straßburg. SüdOssetia wurde ausgedehnte Autonomie als Teil des einzelnen georgischen Zustandes angeboten. Präsident George W. Bush in einem Telefongespräch unterstützte am 15. Februar Initiativen Saakashvilis. SüdOssetian Präsident Eduard Kokoity, kommentierend Initiativen Saakashvilis, sagte, daß „SüdOssetia lang eine unabhängige Republik“ gewesen ist und es keine Frage des Verursachens eines allgemeinen Zustandes mit Georgia geben könnte.
Am 11. März 2005 Mikheil Saakashvili erklärte einer Anweisung, daß er lang nicht auf Antwort Tskhinvalis zu seinen Initiativen auf dem Status von SüdOssetia warten würde. Er merkte, daß einige Repräsentanten der Tskhinvali Behörden die georgischen Initiativen begrüßten, aber war nicht imstande, eine Entscheidung zu treffen. Er sagte, daß die Tskhinvali Region und das Abkhazia wurden „nie gewordenes Teil eines Reiches, sogar eines ehemaligen Reiches.“ „Diese sind unsere Leute, unsere Gegend, die Georgia genannt wird und es wird nie noch etwas genannt,“ gesagtes Saakashvili.
Am 16. bis 17. März 2005 eine Sitzung der Costühle der gemeinsamen Steuerkommission besprach Entmilitarisierung der Konfliktzone im Rahmen der November 2004 Sochi Vereinbarungen. An der Sitzung nahmen die Delegationen von Rußland, von Georgia, von NordOssetia-Alania und von SüdOssetia teil.
Am 20. bis 21. Juni 2005 eine Dringlichkeitssitzung der gemeinsamen Steuerkommission zu einer Regelung des Georgia-Süden Ossetia Konflikts fand in Moskau statt. Die Seiten sollten ein Protokoll auf der Mitarbeit der Gesetzdurchführung Körper in der Konfliktzone unterzeichnen. Jedoch unterzeichnete das Protokoll beabsichtigt nur der Kreation einer Gruppe, um die Ereignisse in der Konfliktzone am 29. Mai und am 6. Juni nachzuforschen (der Mord an vier Ossetian und an georgischen Soldaten einer und am Verschwinden von vier Georgians).
Am 10. Juli 2005 eine internationale Konferenz auf der Regelung des Georgischen-Ossetian Konflikts wurde in Batumi gehalten. Die Repräsentanten von SüdOssetia boykottierten die Konferenz. Während des Konferenz georgischen Präsidenten erklärte Mikheil Saakashvili, daß Georgia bereit war, SüdOssetia volle Autonomie zu bewilligen und Beschaffenheit des Landes dementsprechend zu ändern. Er sagte, daß sein Plan der Regelung des Konflikts mit SüdOssetia eingeteilter war und beträchtliche Zeit dauern würde einzuführen. Er sagte, daß der Plan in Betracht alle Wünsche zog, die an den verschiedenen Stadien durch die SüdOssetian Repräsentanten ausgedrückt wurden. Die unerkannte Republik von Angebot SüdOssetia zurückgewiesenen Saakashvilis der Autonomie innerhalb Georgia.
Am 11. Oktober 2005 das georgische Parlament nahm eine Auflösung „auf Friedenssicherung-Betrieben und der Situation in den Konflikt-Zonen von Georgia.“ an Es erforderte die russischen Friedenstruppen, stationiert in die Georgische-Ossetian Konfliktzone, um Befolgung beider Parteien ihrer Vereinbarungen vor dem 1. Februar 2006 zu erzwingen. Andernfalls würde das georgische Parlament das Verfahren der Zurücknahme von der Dagomys Vereinbarung von 1992 am 15. Februar 2006 einleiten und der russischen Friedenstruppen benötigt zurückzutreten.
Am 8. Dezember 2005 die gemeinsame Steuerkommission hielt eine Dringlichkeitssitzung ab, die der Zunahme von Spannungen der Georgischen-Ossetian Konfliktzone folgt. Die Kommission analysierte den Konflikt und breitete Masse aus, einer ruhigen Georgischen-Ossetian Regelung zu garantieren. Valery Kenyaikin, Botschafter an großem des russischen fremden Ministeriums und des Kopfes des russischen Teils der Kommission, sorgte sich die Sitzung.
Am 15. Februar 2006 das georgische Parlament nahm eine Aussage Aufhören des Friedenssicherungbetriebes in der Georgischen-Ossetian Konfliktzone beabsichtigend an. Es qualifizierte russische Tätigkeit in der Region, wie „bewaffnete Intervention.“
Am 31. Mai 2006 Russische Truppen der gemeinsamen Friedenssicherung-Kraft in der Georgischen-Ossetian Konfliktzone drehten Truppen durch den Rok Tunnel, der aus georgischer Steuerung heraus war. Tbilisi sah die russische Bewegung als eine amtliche Herausforderung an. Georgische Behörden behaupteten, daß Rußland ein grösseres Kontingent unter der Aufmachung der Umdrehung vorstellte.
Am 16. Juli 2006 Georgische Polizei folgte mit dem Auto den gemeinsamen dann gestoppten Steuerkommission Führern und hielt sie zurück. Sie wurden gesucht und ihr Eigentum wurde einige Stunden lang konfisziert. Die Kommission Sitzung mußte für einen Tag und eine Nacht hinausgeschoben werden.
Am 18. Juli 2006 das georgische Parlament nahm eine Auflösung auf einem sofortigen Faltblatt der russischen Friedenstruppen aus dem Land an.
Am 27. September 2006 Georgische geheime Dienstleistungen hielten vier russische militärische Offiziere fest, die im GRVZ arbeiten (Gruppe russische Truppen in Südkaukasus) auf Spionageaufladungen.
Entsprechend einer Aussage gab durch Marat Kulakhmetov, der Kommandant der gemeinsamen Friedenssicherung-Kraft in der Georgischen-Ossetian Konfliktzone, die durch Massenmittel getragen wurde, eine georgische Task Force in Angriff nahm einen Träger eines NordOssetian Friedenssicherungbataillons heraus, während er das Dorf von Avnevi am 29. September 2006 verließ. Sergeant Kudziyev, der im Träger war, wurde geschlagen.
Am 12. November 2006 ein Referendum auf Unabhängigkeit wurde in SüdOssetia neben den Präsidentenwahlen gehalten.
Am 7. August Georgia beschuldigte Rußland von einem Luftangriff und behauptete zwei Strahlen Su-25 mit den russischen Markierungen, die in georgischen Luftraum gestört wurden und feuerte Flugkörper an einer Radarstation nahe Gori ab. Das Ereignis forderte die Annullierung einer Tbilisi Sitzung der gemeinsamen Steuerkommission zu einer Georgischen-Ossetian Konflikt-Auflösung (JCC) schiefergedeckt für 9. bis 10. August auf. Spannungen schwankten in die Konfliktzone.
Am 29. August Georgische Behörden hielten fest und überführten zwei Soldaten vom Norden-Ossetian Friedenssicherungbataillon, vom Tariel Khachirov und vom Vitaly Valiyev. Sie wurden in einem georgischen Gefängnis bis Februar 2008, in der Verletzung des internationalen Gesetzes und in den vorhandenen Vereinbarungen über Auflösung des Georgischen-Ossetian Konflikts zurückgehalten. Weder befehlen Repräsentanten der gemeinsamen Friedenssicherung-Kraft, noch durften Beamte von der russischen Botschaft in Tbilisi, sie zu sehen; sie wurden auch das Recht verweigert, Verteidiger an den Gerichtsterminen zu verwenden.
Die Zurücknahme des vermittelnden Prozesses durch die gemeinsame Steuerkommission zu einer Georgischen-Ossetian Konflikt-Auflösung (JCC) nachdem ein Zwölfmonat Bruch keinen Fortschritt holte. Georgia und SüdOssetia konnten ihre Positionen justieren und eine gemeinsame Aussage während der Gespräche annehmen, die am 23. bis 24. Oktober 2007 an den OSCE Voraussetzungen in Tbilisi gehalten wurden nicht.
Am 31. März 2008 ein SüdOssetian Polizeipfosten nahe dem Dorf von Okona im Znaur Bezirk wurde von einer Gruppe in Angriff genommen, die mit Gewehren und Granateabschußrampen bewaffnet wurde. Military observers from the Joint Peacekeeping Force and the OSCE mission established that the shots were fired from an area controlled by Georgia. Two days before the shooting, Georgian police task force and security officers dressed as civilians had been seen in the vicinity.
On April 2 another armed group fired automatic weapons at a South Ossetian Defense Ministry checkpoint near the village of Andzi-si. The servicemen at the checkpoint did not return fire.
A total of 56 incidents of ceasefire violation by Georgian forces were registered by the Joint Peacekeeping Force in April 2008. Most of them involved random shooting with the purpose of fueling tension in the region. Georgian Interior Minister Vano Merabishvili, commenting on the explosion of an anti-personnel mine that injured a local police officer near the village of Kheiti, accused Russian peacekeepers of planting the mine. Later he spoke on Georgia's Alania TV Channel accusing the South Ossetian government of issuing 1,500 fake Russian passports to local residents.
On May 14 President of South Ossetia Eduard Kokoity said the Georgian special services were planning a terrorist attack in the territory of the self-proclaimed republic against Georgians and Georgian peacekeepers.
On May 15 Captain Vladimir Ivanov, an aide to the Joint Peacekeeping Force commander for contacts with the media, announced a planned rotation of the peacekeeping contingent in South Ossetia. Georgian media then spread information about an alleged expansion of the Russian peacekeeping contingent in the conflict zone, quoting Georgia's foreign minister. A routine rotation was described as a "provocation" and a "reckless enterprise."
On May 16 a bomb exploded on a roadside 200 meters from the Georgian village of Ergneti in the conflict zone. No one was hurt. Another bomb was detonated on the road between the Georgian villages of Eredvi and Ditsi. A Georgian Interior Ministry car was hit, injuring one Georgian special task force officer. A third explosion occurred on the same day in the vicinity of the village of Nikozi, where a local resident was injured by a mine in a field.
On July 3 as Dmitry Sanakoyev, head of the ‘alternative' Georgian-backed government of South Ossetia, was driving across the republic to Batumi to attend an international conference, his car was struck by a mine and fired at from the direction of local villages. Sanakoyev's bodyguards returned fire. The shooting went on for several minutes. Three of the guards were severely injured. Sanakoyev himself was unscathed. South Ossetian Interior Minister Mikhail Mindzayev said that the attack on Sanakoyev was orchestrated by Georgia to provide a pretext for invading the self-proclaimed republic.
In the early hours of July 4, 2008 Georgian forces used mortars, grenade launchers and guns to fire at Tskhinvali, the capital of South Ossetia, and the villages of Ubiat and Dmenis. One person was killed and three wounded. Georgian officials claimed that South Ossetia started the shooting and Georgia was forced to fire back in self-defense.
On July 7 the police in Russia's Southern Federal District detained four military men from the Georgian Defense Ministry in the village of Okon, South Ossetia's Znaur District. Officials of the breakaway region of South Ossetia claimed the detained men were pursuing intelligence activities in the Tskhinvali region. Georgian President Mikheil Saakashvili considered the detainment a hostage situation. On July 8, the detainees were released.
On July 9, Russia's Foreign Ministry issued a statement concerning the aggravated situation in the Georgian-Abkhazian and Georgian-Ossetian conflict zones, which said that "For the past several days, the situation in the Georgian-Abkhazian and Georgian-South Ossetian conflict zones has intensified. The city of Tskhinvali has been shelled by the Georgian army, with victims registered among civilians. Fighters and unmanned aircraft of the Georgian Air Force have repeatedly violated the conflict territorial air zones. In a terrorist attack, a South Ossetian police officer was killed. Georgian military set up a post at a strategic site near the village of Sarabuki. Additional military equipment was moved from Georgia into the conflict zone without any coordination with the Joint Peacekeeping Forces, which was registered by military observers including by the OSCE mission in Georgia. These actions point to an open and planned aggression against South Ossetia, which is the internationally recognized side in settling the conflict."
On August 1 and 2, the tension in the Georgian-South Ossetian conflict zone was aggravated due to a massive shelling of Tskhinvali's residential districts, which led to numerous deaths among civilians, with six South Ossetians killed and 15 wounded. Georgia claimed this was a response to South Ossetia's gunfire on Georgia's territory. South Ossetia began evacuating the region's residents to North Ossetia, with 2,500 people leaving their homes during the two days after the shelling.
On August 6, South Ossetian President Eduard Kokoity said he would take "the toughest measures" toward "militants firing at the villages." Previously, the breakaway region's Defense Ministry reported that the Georgian side started sniper fire at the South Ossetian villages of Mugut and Didmukha in the Znaur District at around 12:00 p.m. According to South Ossetian sources, the Georgian special forces attempted to occupy Nul Height to gain control over the Znaur road and the South Ossetian villages located along the road. In the afternoon, it was reported that an aggressive battle was taking place at the village of Nul.
Irina Gagloyeva, head of South Ossetia's Committee for Information and the Press, told RIA Novosti that South Ossetian units had forced the Georgian military units out of Nul Height.
Georgia's Interior Ministry, however, denied the reports.
The same day, the special envoy of the Russian Foreign Ministry, Yury Popov, said direct Georgian-South Ossetian talks with Russian mediators were offered in the Joint Peacekeeping Forces' headquarters for August 7. However, Tskhinvali refused the offer.
On August 7 Georgian President Mikheil Saakashvili, in his national TV address to Georgia and to the Tskhinvali region, said he was ready for any negotiations to settle the conflict with South Ossetia. He suggested Russia become a guarantor of South Ossetia's autonomy within Georgia.
According to the South Ossetian Interior Ministry, on August 7 Georgia started ground fire and shelling of the South Ossetian capital Tskhinvali from the village of Nikozi. Then, according to Tskhinvali, the shelling and shooting at the South Ossetian village of Khetagurovo was started from the Georgian village of Avnevi. About 10 people were killed and another 50 received various wounds. The Georgian media, however, reported that the South Ossetian side had been shelling the Georgian villages of Avnevi and Nuli for three hours. According to the information of the Joint Peacekeeping Forces in the conflict zone, it was the Georgian side that started firing first. Also, there were reports that Russian peacekeepers were fired on.
On August 8 Georgia started military operations in the Georgian-Ossetian conflict zone.
15:04 | 13/ 08/ 2008
The article was written using information of RIA Novosti news agency and open sources
Rian.ru
Chronicle do conflito georgian-Ossetian: Folha do fato
Automatically translated into Portuguese thanks to WorldLingo
Nos tempos do soviete Ossetia sul era uma área autônoma dentro de Geórgia. No primeiro presidente 1991 de Geórgia, Zviad Gamsakhurdia, abolished a autonomia. As autoridades sul de Ossetian rejeitaram essa decisão e puseraas acima uma resistência armada ao Georgians.
Em janeiro 1991 a guerra aberta quebrou para fora entre Geórgia e Ossetia sul que reivindicam víctimas pesadas em ambos os lados.
Depois que o conflito armado, que durou até 1992, controle perdido Geórgia sobre o território e as forças do peacekeeping foi introduzido na zona do conflito.
Em 1994 as conversas para estabelecir o conflito começaram. Maio em 16, 1996 um memorando em medidas da segurança e da confiança entre os lados foi assinado em Moscow. O presidente Georgian Eduard Shevardnadze e o presidente sul Lyudvig Chibirov de Ossetian tiveram diversas reuniões para discutir maneiras terminar o conflito. Rússia era o mediator no processo da negociação. Dezembro em 23, 2000 um acordo intergovernmental Russian-Georgian foi assinado na interação e no reconstruction econômico na zona georgian-Ossetian do conflito e no retorno dos refugees. Em abril 2001 um referendum em Ossetia sul introduziu mudanças no constitution da república. Geórgia considera o referendum ser ilegal.
Dezembro em 22, 2001 a missão de OSCE em Geórgia e no Commission europeu assinou um acordo em uma concessão 210.000 euro para que as medidas estabeleçam o conflito georgian-Ossetian. O Commission europeu fêz exame de uma parte ativa em armas de coleta e destruindo na zona do conflito.
A 10o reunião dos delegations oficiais dos partidos ocorreu como parte das negociações para estabelecir o conflito georgian-Ossetian fora de Haia em outubro 14-17, 2003. Fazendo exame da parte nos consultations eram os representantes da república de Ossetia-Alania norte, das co-cadeiras holandesas do OSCE, da cabeça da missão de OSCE a Geórgia e dos representantes do Commission europeu. Para a primeira vez que os partidos não assinaram um protocolo final devido às diferenças substantivas sobre seu índice.
Maio em 31, 2004 o comandante das forças do Peacekeeping da junção na zona georgian-Ossetian do conflito, Svyatoslav Nabdzorov, declarou a intenção liquidate os pontos de verificação que o Ministry Interior Georgian se tinha ajustado acima ao longo da estrada de Gori-Tskhinvali ostensibly para parar o transporte de bens smuggled.
Junho em 1, 2004 o Ministry extrangeiro Russian fêz três indicações na situação na zona georgian-Ossetian do conflito. O ministry Russian convidou as autoridades Georgian para reconhecer o perigo dos provocations na região.
Junho em 2, 2004, durante uma reunião dos co-presidentes do Commission comum do controle para o estabelecimento do conflito georgian-Ossetian os representantes Georgian e de Ossetian concordaram não usar a força ou a pressão econômica no que diz respeito a se.
Junho em 3, 2004 Geórgia emitiu 20 flatcars com tanques e veículos armored, diversos foguetes do Grad e 350 peacekeepers à área de Tskhinvali. Geórgia teve 150 tropas armadas com os braços pequenos perto de Tskhinvali. Todos em tudo, Geórgia podem ter 500 recrutas com quantidades limitadas do armor na zona do conflito, Ministry da defesa do país dito.
Junho em 28, 2004 três membros do Ministry Georgian da segurança foram detidos na suspeita de atos de sabotage cometendo e de terrorismo em Ossetia sul. Depois do incident Geórgia recusou assistir à reunião do Commission comum do controle devido ser prendido em Moscow junho em 30. Julho em 3 os representantes dos serviços especiais Georgian foram liberados. Geórgia declarou que continuaria trabalhando com o commission.
Junho em 30, 2004 Os peacekeepers Russian foram atacados por uma unidade Interior Georgian do Ministry. O Ministry extrangeiro Russian convidou Tbilisi “para não trazer a situação em Ossetia sul a um ponto de perigo.” Moscow “não tem nenhuma dúvida que a apreensão forçosa da propriedade militar estêve visada deliberadamente que aggravating mais mais a situação em Ossetia sul e que undermining as relações Russian-Georgian,” o Ministry extrangeiro Russian disse.
A situação na zona georgian-Ossetian do conflito fêz exame de uma volta para o mais mau quando um clash armado ocorreu no Gorge de Liakhvi em Ossetia sul. Tbilisi relatou que dois peacekeepers Georgian foram feridos e um sequestrou. Em julho 8-9 as conversas foram prendidas em Tskhinvali entre o ministro Georgian do estado Giorgi Khaindrava e deputado comandante do tenente Russian general Valery Yevnevich das forças à terra no estabelecimento do conflito georgian-Ossetian. Os dois lados discutiram medidas estabilizar a situação em torno de Ossetia sul.
Julho em 11 uma reunião ocorreu em Tskhinvali entre a cabeça da república unrecognized de Ossetia sul Eduard Kokoity e embaixador especial Lev Mironov do Ministry extrangeiro Russian para discutir a preparação e a terra arrendada da reunião do Commission comum do controle (JCC) no estabelecimento da situação em Ossetia sul. No mesmo dia uma reunião trabalhando ocorreu em Tskhinvali entre os co-presidentes do JCC com a participação do embaixador especial sul Boris Chochiyev e um representante de Ossetian do governo norte de Ossetian, Teimuraz Kusov. Os partidos concordaram parar todas as ações provocative na zona georgian-Ossetian do conflito. Os partidos opondo prometeram para parar disparar e para levantar o blockade econômico.
Julho em 14, 2004 o primeiro círculo de conversas high-level closed no formato de JCC foi prendido em Moscow. Os partidos concordaram que as unidades armadas ilegais tiveram que ser retiradas da zona do conflito. Confirmaram o status dos peacekeepers na zona do conflito. O presidente do conselho de segurança nacional Georgian, Gela Bezhuashvili, dito que a solução do problema sul de Ossetian coloca na restauração da integridade territorial de Geórgia.
Julho em 15, durante o segundo círculo das conversas, os membros da reunião de JCC assinaram um original final que convidam os líderes de Tbilisi e de Tskhinvali não usar a força resolver o conflito. Os partidos tiveram que honrar todos os acordos precedentes. Todas as unidades armadas ilegais deviam ser desarmadas e os veículos militares tiveram que ser retirados da zona do conflito. Um ponto separado no protocolo foi devotado ao dae (dispositivo automático de entrada) humanitário: os partidos reaffirmed que tais cargas eram apreciar um regime favorável dos costumes, como prescrito pelos acordos 1992 de Dagomys. Os lados concordaram que o JCC seria um corpo permanente baseado em Tskhinvali e que a seguinte reunião ocorreria em Tbilisi diversos dias mais tarde.
Em uma reunião em Tskhinvali julho em 19, 2004 os representantes de Geórgia, Ossetia sul, Ossetia norte e Rússia concordaram ao jogo acima um grupo das secretárias das peças Georgian, das suis e as nortes de Ossetian do JCC; e julho em 21, o grupo e o counselor no Embassy Russian em Geórgia realizaram sua primeira reunião em Tbilisi. Geórgia e Ossetia sul reaffirmed seu compromisso a um estabelecimento calmo no conflito georgian-Ossetian e a impedir um escalation das tensões. Uma reunião dos representantes das co-cadeiras do JCC em Tskhinvali no jogo julho de 22 os fins do prazo para o começo de patrulhar comum da zona georgian-Ossetian do conflito por peacekeepers e observadores de OSCE e as rotas das patrulhas.
Em setembro 30-October 2, 2004 uma reunião comum do Commission do controle (JCC) em Moscow discutiu os prospetos de resolver a situação do conflito em Ossetia sul, impedindo as crises futuras e a reabilitação econômica da zona do conflito. Um grupo de funcionamento foi ajustado até prepara decisões na retirada de unidades ilegais, em desmontar de pontos de verificação ilegais e no ajuste - acima de pontos de verificação novos por peacekeepers.
Novembro em 5, 2004 as conversas foram prendidas em Sochi entre o ministro principal Georgian Zurab Zhvania e a cabeça de Ossetia sul, Eduard Kokoity. Foram mediados pelo Ministry extrangeiro Russian representado pelo primeiro deputado ministro extrangeiro Valery Loshchinin. Os partidos concordaram com o demilitarization cheio da zona georgian-Ossetian do conflito. No ministro Georgian novembro de 13 do estado Giorgi Khaindrava e no ministro especial dos casos do governo de Ossetia sul Boris Chochiyev concordou liquidate os dugouts e outras estruturas das forças armadas. Novembro em 15 o liquidation de estruturas militares da engenharia começou na zona georgian-Ossetian do conflito.
Em novembro 18-19, 2004 uma reunião do JCC em Vladikavkaz reviu o progresso no fulfillment dos acordos russian-brokered entre o ministro principal Georgian Zurab Zhvania e presidente da república unrecognized de Ossetia sul, Eduard Kokoity, alcançado em Sochi novembro em 5. O presidente da república de Ossetia-Alania norte Alexander Dzasokhov, falando na reunião de JCC, suportou a proposta feita por Zhvania e por Kokoity para dar forma a uma zona econômica especial que incluísse o distrito de Alagir de Ossetia norte, de Ossetia sul e do distrito de Gori de Geórgia.
Em janeiro 2005 Mikheil Saakashvili anunciou iniciativas da paz no que diz respeito a Ossetia sul em uma reunião do RITMO em Strasbourg. Ossetia sul foi oferecido a autonomia larga como parte do único estado Georgian. Presidente George W. Bush em uma conversação de telefone fevereiro em 15 suportou iniciativas de Saakashvili. O presidente sul Eduard Kokoity de Ossetian, comentando em iniciativas de Saakashvili, disse que “Ossetia sul tem sido por muito tempo uma república independente” e não poderia haver nenhuma pergunta de criar um estado comum com o Geórgia.
Março em 11, 2005 Mikheil Saakashvili disse a uma instrução que não esperaria por muito tempo pela resposta de Tskhinvali a suas iniciativas no status de Ossetia sul. Anotou que alguns representantes das autoridades de Tskhinvali deram boas-vindas às iniciativas Georgian, mas foi incapaz de fazer uma decisão. Disse que a região e o Abkhazia de Tskhinvali “parte nunca tornada de um império, mesmo de um império anterior.” “Estes são nossos povos, nosso território chamado Geórgia e será chamado nunca qualquer outra coisa,” Saakashvili dito.
Em março 16-17, 2005 uma reunião das co-cadeiras do Commission comum do controle discutiu o demilitarization da zona do conflito dentro da estrutura dos acordos de novembro 2004 Sochi. Fazendo exame da parte na reunião eram os delegations de Rússia, de Geórgia, de Ossetia-Alania norte e de Ossetia sul.
Em junho 20-21, 2005 uma reunião da emergência do Commission comum do controle para o estabelecimento do conflito de Ossetia do Geórgia-Sul foi realizada em Moscow. Os lados foram supostos assinar um protocolo na cooperação dos corpos do lei-enforcement na zona do conflito. Entretanto, o protocolo assinou envisaged somente a criação de um grupo para investigar os incidents na zona do conflito maio em 29 e junho em 6 (o assassinato de quatro Ossetian e dos recrutas um Georgian e do disappearance de quatro Georgians).
Julho em 10, 2005 uma conferência internacional sobre o estabelecimento do conflito georgian-Ossetian foi prendida em Batumi. Os representantes de Ossetia sul boycotted a conferência. Durante o presidente Georgian da conferência Mikheil Saakashvili declarou que Geórgia estava pronto para conceder a Ossetia sul a autonomia cheia e para emendar conformemente o Constitution do país. Disse que sua planta do estabelecimento do conflito com Ossetia sul era phased e fazia exame do tempo considerável executar. Disse que a planta fêz exame no cliente de todos os desejos expressados em vários estágios pelos representantes sul de Ossetian. A república unrecognized da oferta de Saakashvili rejeitado Ossetia sul da autonomia dentro de Geórgia.
Outubro em 11, 2005 o parliament Georgian adotou uma definição “em operações do Peacekeeping e na situação nas zonas do conflito de Geórgia.” Requereu os peacekeepers Russian, postados na zona georgian-Ossetian do conflito, para reforçar a conformidade de ambos os partidos com seus acordos antes fevereiro de 1, 2006. Se não, o parliament Georgian iniciaria o procedimento da retirada do acordo de Dagomys de 1992 fevereiro em 15, 2006, e requer os peacekeepers Russian retirar-se.
Dezembro em 8, 2005 o Commission comum do controle realizou uma reunião da emergência que segue o aumento das tensões na zona georgian-Ossetian do conflito. O commission analisou o conflito e colocou para fora medidas garantir um estabelecimento georgian-Ossetian calmo. Valery Kenyaikin, embaixador em grande do Ministry e da cabeça extrangeiros Russian da parte Russian do commission, assistiu à reunião.
Fevereiro em 15, 2006 o parliament Georgian adotou uma indicação que envisaging a cessação da operação do peacekeeping na zona georgian-Ossetian do conflito. Qualificou a ação Russian na região como “armou a intervenção.”
Maio em 31, 2006 As tropas Russian da força comum do Peacekeeping na zona georgian-Ossetian do conflito giraram tropas através do túnel de Rok, que era fora do controle Georgian. Tbilisi considerou o movimento Russian como um desafio oficial. As autoridades Georgian alegaram que Rússia introduzia um contingente mais grande sob o guise da rotação.
Julho em 16, 2006 As polícias Georgian seguiram pelo carro os líderes comuns do Commission do controle parados então e detiveram-nos. Foram procurarados, e seus pertences confiscated por diversas horas. A reunião do commission teve que postponed para um dia e uma noite.
Julho em 18, 2006 o parliament Georgian adotou uma definição em um pullout imediato dos peacekeepers Russian do país.
Setembro em 27, 2006 Os serviços secretos Georgian prenderam quatro oficiais militares Russian que trabalham no GRVZ (grupo das tropas Russian em Cáucaso sul) em cargas do espionage.
De acordo com uma indicação emitida por Marat Kulakhmetov, o comandante da força comum do Peacekeeping na zona georgian-Ossetian do conflito, que foi carregada por meios maciços, uma força de tarefa Georgian atacou um veículo de um batalhão norte do peacekeeping de Ossetian enquanto saia da vila de Avnevi setembro em 29, 2006. O Sergeant Kudziyev, que estava no veículo, foi batido.
Novembro em 12, 2006 um referendum na independência foi prendido em Ossetia sul ao lado das eleições presidenciais.
Agosto em 7 Geórgia acusa Rússia de um ataque do ar, reivindicando dois jatos Su-25 com os markings Russian intruded no airspace Georgian e ateou fogo a mísseis em uma estação de radar perto de Gori. O incident alertou o cancelamento de uma reunião de Tbilisi do Commission comum do controle para a definição georgian-Ossetian do conflito (JCC) slated para agosto 9-10. As tensões surged na zona do conflito.
Agosto em 29 As autoridades Georgian prenderam e convicted dois recrutas do batalhão do peacekeeping do Norte-Ossetian, do Tariel Khachirov e do Vitaly Valiyev. Foram detidos em uma prisão Georgian até fevereiro 2008, na violação da lei internacional e nos acordos existentes na definição do conflito georgian-Ossetian. Nem os representantes da força comum do Peacekeeping comandam nem foram permitidos aos oficiais do Embassy Russian em Tbilisi vê-los; foram negados também a direita usar advogados de defesa em hearings de corte.
A ressunção do processo negociando pelo Commission comum do controle para a definição georgian-Ossetian do conflito (JCC) depois que uma ruptura de doze-mês não trouxe nenhum progresso. Geórgia e Ossetia sul não ajustaram suas posições e não adotaram uma indicação comum durante as conversas prendidas em outubro 23-24, 2007 nas premisoes de OSCE em Tbilisi.
Março em 31, 2008 um borne sul das polícias de Ossetian perto da vila de Okona no distrito de Znaur foi atacado por um grupo armado com os injetores e os lançadores do grenade. Military observers from the Joint Peacekeeping Force and the OSCE mission established that the shots were fired from an area controlled by Georgia. Two days before the shooting, Georgian police task force and security officers dressed as civilians had been seen in the vicinity.
On April 2 another armed group fired automatic weapons at a South Ossetian Defense Ministry checkpoint near the village of Andzi-si. The servicemen at the checkpoint did not return fire.
A total of 56 incidents of ceasefire violation by Georgian forces were registered by the Joint Peacekeeping Force in April 2008. Most of them involved random shooting with the purpose of fueling tension in the region. Georgian Interior Minister Vano Merabishvili, commenting on the explosion of an anti-personnel mine that injured a local police officer near the village of Kheiti, accused Russian peacekeepers of planting the mine. Later he spoke on Georgia's Alania TV Channel accusing the South Ossetian government of issuing 1,500 fake Russian passports to local residents.
On May 14 President of South Ossetia Eduard Kokoity said the Georgian special services were planning a terrorist attack in the territory of the self-proclaimed republic against Georgians and Georgian peacekeepers.
On May 15 Captain Vladimir Ivanov, an aide to the Joint Peacekeeping Force commander for contacts with the media, announced a planned rotation of the peacekeeping contingent in South Ossetia. Georgian media then spread information about an alleged expansion of the Russian peacekeeping contingent in the conflict zone, quoting Georgia's foreign minister. A routine rotation was described as a "provocation" and a "reckless enterprise."
On May 16 a bomb exploded on a roadside 200 meters from the Georgian village of Ergneti in the conflict zone. No one was hurt. Another bomb was detonated on the road between the Georgian villages of Eredvi and Ditsi. A Georgian Interior Ministry car was hit, injuring one Georgian special task force officer. A third explosion occurred on the same day in the vicinity of the village of Nikozi, where a local resident was injured by a mine in a field.
On July 3 as Dmitry Sanakoyev, head of the ‘alternative' Georgian-backed government of South Ossetia, was driving across the republic to Batumi to attend an international conference, his car was struck by a mine and fired at from the direction of local villages. Sanakoyev's bodyguards returned fire. The shooting went on for several minutes. Three of the guards were severely injured. Sanakoyev himself was unscathed. South Ossetian Interior Minister Mikhail Mindzayev said that the attack on Sanakoyev was orchestrated by Georgia to provide a pretext for invading the self-proclaimed republic.
In the early hours of July 4, 2008 Georgian forces used mortars, grenade launchers and guns to fire at Tskhinvali, the capital of South Ossetia, and the villages of Ubiat and Dmenis. One person was killed and three wounded. Georgian officials claimed that South Ossetia started the shooting and Georgia was forced to fire back in self-defense.
On July 7 the police in Russia's Southern Federal District detained four military men from the Georgian Defense Ministry in the village of Okon, South Ossetia's Znaur District. Officials of the breakaway region of South Ossetia claimed the detained men were pursuing intelligence activities in the Tskhinvali region. Georgian President Mikheil Saakashvili considered the detainment a hostage situation. On July 8, the detainees were released.
On July 9, Russia's Foreign Ministry issued a statement concerning the aggravated situation in the Georgian-Abkhazian and Georgian-Ossetian conflict zones, which said that "For the past several days, the situation in the Georgian-Abkhazian and Georgian-South Ossetian conflict zones has intensified. The city of Tskhinvali has been shelled by the Georgian army, with victims registered among civilians. Fighters and unmanned aircraft of the Georgian Air Force have repeatedly violated the conflict territorial air zones. In a terrorist attack, a South Ossetian police officer was killed. Georgian military set up a post at a strategic site near the village of Sarabuki. Additional military equipment was moved from Georgia into the conflict zone without any coordination with the Joint Peacekeeping Forces, which was registered by military observers including by the OSCE mission in Georgia. These actions point to an open and planned aggression against South Ossetia, which is the internationally recognized side in settling the conflict."
On August 1 and 2, the tension in the Georgian-South Ossetian conflict zone was aggravated due to a massive shelling of Tskhinvali's residential districts, which led to numerous deaths among civilians, with six South Ossetians killed and 15 wounded. Georgia claimed this was a response to South Ossetia's gunfire on Georgia's territory. South Ossetia began evacuating the region's residents to North Ossetia, with 2,500 people leaving their homes during the two days after the shelling.
On August 6, South Ossetian President Eduard Kokoity said he would take "the toughest measures" toward "militants firing at the villages." Previously, the breakaway region's Defense Ministry reported that the Georgian side started sniper fire at the South Ossetian villages of Mugut and Didmukha in the Znaur District at around 12:00 p.m. According to South Ossetian sources, the Georgian special forces attempted to occupy Nul Height to gain control over the Znaur road and the South Ossetian villages located along the road. In the afternoon, it was reported that an aggressive battle was taking place at the village of Nul.
Irina Gagloyeva, head of South Ossetia's Committee for Information and the Press, told RIA Novosti that South Ossetian units had forced the Georgian military units out of Nul Height.
Georgia's Interior Ministry, however, denied the reports.
The same day, the special envoy of the Russian Foreign Ministry, Yury Popov, said direct Georgian-South Ossetian talks with Russian mediators were offered in the Joint Peacekeeping Forces' headquarters for August 7. However, Tskhinvali refused the offer.
On August 7 Georgian President Mikheil Saakashvili, in his national TV address to Georgia and to the Tskhinvali region, said he was ready for any negotiations to settle the conflict with South Ossetia. He suggested Russia become a guarantor of South Ossetia's autonomy within Georgia.
According to the South Ossetian Interior Ministry, on August 7 Georgia started ground fire and shelling of the South Ossetian capital Tskhinvali from the village of Nikozi. Then, according to Tskhinvali, the shelling and shooting at the South Ossetian village of Khetagurovo was started from the Georgian village of Avnevi. About 10 people were killed and another 50 received various wounds. The Georgian media, however, reported that the South Ossetian side had been shelling the Georgian villages of Avnevi and Nuli for three hours. According to the information of the Joint Peacekeeping Forces in the conflict zone, it was the Georgian side that started firing first. Also, there were reports that Russian peacekeepers were fired on.
On August 8 Georgia started military operations in the Georgian-Ossetian conflict zone.
15:04 | 13/ 08/ 2008
The article was written using information of RIA Novosti news agency and open sources
Rian.ru
Krönika av den georgian-Ossetian konflikten: Faktumet täcker
Automatically translated into Swedish thanks to WorldLingo
I sovjettiderna var södra Ossetia ett autonomt område inom Georgia. I Georgia första president 1991 avskaffade Zviad Gamsakhurdia, autonomin. De södra Ossetian myndigheterna kasserade det beslut och som satte upp ett beväpnat motstånd till georgierna.
I Januari 1991 öppna krig som är pankt ut mellan Georgia och södra Ossetia som fordrar skurkrollolycksoffer på båda sidor.
Efter den beväpnade konflikten som varade till 1992, kontrollerar borttappada Georgia över territoriet, och peacekeepingstyrkor introducerades in i konflikten zonplanerar.
I 1994 samtal som sätter konflikten, började. På maj 16, 1996 mäter en anteckning på säkerhet och förtroende mellan sidorna undertecknades i Moscow. Den georgiska presidenten Eduard Shevardnadze och den södra Ossetian presidenten Lyudvig Chibirov hade flera möten som diskuterar väg att avsluta konflikten. Ryssland var medlaren i den processaa förhandlingen. På December 23, 2000 Ryss-Georgier undertecknades en intergovernmental överenskommelse på växelverkan, och ekonomisk rekonstruktion i den georgian-Ossetian konflikten zonplanerar och på returen av flyktingar. I April 2001 ändrar en folkomröstning i introducerade södra Ossetia i republik konstitution. Georgia betraktar folkomröstningen att vara olaglig.
På December 22, 2001 OSCE-beskickningen i Georgia och Europeiska kommissionen undertecknade en överenskommelse på 210.000 som det euro lån för att mäter ska sätta den georgian-Ossetian konflikten. Europeiska kommissionen tog en aktivdel, i att samla, och förstörande vapen i konflikten zonplanerar.
Det 10th mötet av parti officiella delegationer ägde rum som delen av förhandlingarna för att sätta den georgian-Ossetian konflikten utanför Haguen på Oktober 14-17, 2003. Deltagandet i konsultationerna var teknikerna av republiken av norr Ossetia-Alania, de holländska co-stolarna av OSCEN, huvudet av OSCE-beskickningen till Georgia och teknikerna av Europeiska kommissionen. För den första tiden missade partierna för att underteckna väsentliga skillnader för ett finalprotokoll tack vare över dess nöjt.
På maj 31, 2004 commanderen av de gemensamma Peacekeepingstyrkorna i den georgian-Ossetian konflikten zonplanerar, Svyatoslav Nabdzorov, förklarade avsikten att likvidera testpunktarna som det georgiska inredepartement hade uppsättningen upp längs den Gori-Tskhinvali huvudvägen skenbart som stoppar trans. av smuggelgodset.
På Juni 1, 2004 den ryska utrikesdepartementet som göras tre meddelanden på läget i den georgian-Ossetian konflikten, zonplanerar. Det ryska departement kallade på de georgiska myndigheterna för att känna igen faran av provokationer i regionen.
På Juni 2, 2004, under ett möte av co-ordförandena av det gemensamt kontrollera kommissionen för bosättningen av den georgian-Ossetian konflikten georgiern, och Ossetian tekniker överens inte som använder styrka eller ekonomiskt, pressar med hänseende till varje annan.
På Juni 3, 2004 Georgia överförde 20 flatcars med behållare och armored medel, flera akademikra raket och 350 fredsbevarare till det Tskhinvali området. Georgia hade 150 soldater att beväpnas med litet beväpnar nära Tskhinvali. Sammantaget kan Georgia ha 500 militärer med inskränkt antal av armoren i konflikten att zonplanera, det sagda landets försvardepartement.
På Juni 28, 2004 tre medlemmar av det georgiska säkerhetsdepartement fördröjdes på misstanke av att begå agerar av sabotage och terrorism i södra Ossetia. Efter kontrollerar den infalla Georgia som vägras för att delta i mötet av det gemensamt, kommissionen rymms tack vare i Moscow på Juni 30. På Juli 3 servar teknikerna av den georgiska sakkunniga var utsläppt. Georgia förklarade att det skulle fortsätter arbetet med kommissionen.
På Juni 30, 2004 Ryska fredsbevarare anfölls av en georgisk inredepartementenhet. Den ryska utrikesdepartementet kallade på Tbilisi ”för att inte komma med läget i södra Ossetia till en fara pekar.”, Moscow ”har inget tvivel, att det forcible beslag av den militära egenskapen siktades avsiktligt på vidare att förvärra läget i södra Ossetia och att underminera Ryss-Georgiern förbindelsen,” den ryska utrikesdepartementet sade.
Läget i den georgian-Ossetian konflikten zonplanerar tog en vänd för det värre, då en beväpnad sammandrabbning uppstod i den Liakhvi klyftan i södra Ossetia. Tbilisi anmälde att två georgiska fredsbevarare sårades och man kidnappades. På Juli 8-9 rymdes samtal i Tskhinvali mellan den georgiska minister av statliga Giorgi Khaindrava och ställföreträdande kommendörkapten av den ryska slipade styrkalieutenanten General Valery Yevnevich på bosättningen av den georgian-Ossetian konflikten. De två diskuterade sidorna mäter för att stabilisera läget runt om södra Ossetia.
På Juli 11 ett möte ägde rum i Tskhinvali mellan huvudet av den oigenkännliga republiken av södra Ossetia Eduard Kokoity, och den ryska utrikesdepartement den speciala ambassadörleven Mironov som diskuterar förberedelsen och innehav av mötet av det gemensamt, kontrollerar kommissionen (JCC) på bosättningen av läget i södra Ossetia. På den samma dagen ägde rum ett funktionsdugligt möte i Tskhinvali mellan co-ordförandena av JCCEN med deltagande av den södra Ossetian speciala ambassadören Boris Chochiyev och ett representativt av den norr Ossetian regeringen, Teimuraz Kusov. Partierna instämmde för att stoppa alla provokativa handlingar i den georgian-Ossetian konflikten zonplanerar. De motstridiga partierna som förpliktas för att stoppa skyttet och för att lyfta den ekonomiska blockaden.
På Juli 14, 2004 den första rundan av stängda high-level samtal i JCCEN formaterar rymdes i Moscow. Partierna instämmde att olagliga beväpnade enheter måste att återtas från konflikten zonplanerar. De bekräftade statusen av fredsbevararna i konflikten zonplanerar. Ordföranden av det georgiska nationell säkerhetrådet, Gela Bezhuashvili som sägs att lösningen av det södra Ossetian problemet som är lekmanna- i återställandet av Georgia territoriella fullständighet.
På Juli 15, under understödjarundan av samtalen undertecknade medlemmarna av JCC-mötet ett finaldokument som kallar på ledarna av Tbilisi och Tskhinvali för att inte använda styrka för att lösa konflikten. Partierna måste att hedra alla föregående överenskommelser. Alla olagliga beväpnade enheter skulle avväpnas, och militära medel måste att återtas från konflikten zonplanerar. Ett separat pekar i protokollet ägnades till människovännen bistår: partierna intygade på nytt, att sådan laster var att tycka om ett gynnsamt egenstyre, som ordinerat av de Dagomys överenskommelserna 1992. Sidorna instämmde att den skulle JCCEN är en permanent förkroppsligar baserat i Tskhinvali och att det skulle efter mötet äger rum i Tbilisi flera dagar mer sistnämnd.
På ett möte i Tskhinvali på Juli 19, instämmde 2004 teknikerna av Georgia, södra Ossetia, norr Ossetia och Ryssland till uppsättningen upp en grupp av sekreterarar av för de söder och norr Ossetian delarna för georgiern, av JCCEN; och på Juli 21, rymde gruppen och lägerledaren på den ryska ambassaden i Georgia deras första möte i Tbilisi. Georgia och södra Ossetia intygade på nytt deras förpliktelse till en fridsam bosättning i den georgian-Ossetian konflikten och till att förhindra en eskalering av spänningar. Ett möte av teknikerna av co-stolar av JCCEN i Tskhinvali på den Juli 22 uppsättningen som stopptiderna för starten av gemensamt patrullera av den georgian-Ossetian konflikten zonplanerar vid fredsbevarare och OSCE-observatörer och ruttarna av patrullerna.
På September 30-October 2, 2004 ett gemensamt kontrollerar kommissionen (JCC) som mötet i Moscow diskuterade utsikterna av att lösa konfliktläget i södra Ossetia som förhindrar framtida kriser, och ekonomisk rehabilitering av konflikten zonplanerar. En funktionsduglig grupp var fastställd förbereder upp till beslut på tillbakadraganden av olagliga enheter, demontering av olagliga testpunktar och inställningen - upp av nya testpunktar vid fredsbevarare.
På November 5, 2004 samtal rymdes i Sochi mellan den georgiska premiärministern Zurab Zhvania och huvudet av södra Ossetia, Eduard Kokoity. De medlades av den ryska utrikesdepartementet som föreställdes av den första ställföreträdande utrikesministern Valery Loshchinin. Partierna instämmde på full demilitarization av den georgian-Ossetian konflikten zonplanerar. På November 13 den georgiska minister av statliga Giorgi Khaindrava och den speciala angelägenhetminister av regeringen av södra Ossetia Boris Chochiyev som instämmas för att likvidera dugoutsna och annan militär, strukturerar. På November 15 som liquidationen av att iscensätta för militär strukturerar, började i den georgian-Ossetian konflikten zonplanerar.
På November 18-19, 2004 ett möte av JCCEN i Vladikavkaz granskat framsteg i uppfyllelsen av demäklade överenskommelserna mellan den georgiska premiärministern Zurab Zhvania och presidenten av den oigenkännliga republiken av södra Ossetia, Eduard Kokoity som nås i Sochi på November 5. Presidenten av republiken av norr Ossetia-Alania Alexander Dzasokhov som talar på JCC-mötet, drog tillbaka förslag som gjordes av Zhvania, och Kokoity som bildar ett specialt ekonomiskt, zonplanerar som skulle inkluderar det Alagir området av norr Ossetia, södra Ossetia och det Gori området av Georgia.
På Januari 2005 Mikheil Saakashvili meddelade fredinsatser med hänseende till södra Ossetia på ett STEGAmöte i Strasbourg. Södra Ossetia erbjöds bred autonomi som delen av den statliga singelgeorgiern. President George W. Bush i en ringakonversation på Februari 15 drog tillbaka Saakashvilis insatser. Den södra Ossetian presidenten Eduard Kokoity som kommenterar på Saakashvilis insatser, sade att ”södra Ossetia long har long varit en oberoende republik” och det kunde finnas inget ifrågasätter av att skapa en statlig allmänning med Georgia.
På mars 11, 2005 Mikheil Saakashvili berättade en förhandsmöte att han skulle inte väntan long för Tskhinvalis svar till hans insatser på statusen av södra Ossetia. Han noterade, att några tekniker av de Tskhinvali myndigheterna välkomnade de georgiska insatserna, men var oförmögen att göra ett beslut. Han sade att den skulle Tskhinvali regionen och Abkhaziaen ”blir aldrig delen av ett välde, även av ett tidigare välde.”, ”Är dessa vårt folk, vårt territorium som kallas Georgia, och det ska kallas aldrig något annat,” sagda Saakashvili.
På mars 16-17, 2005 ett möte av co-stolarna av det gemensamt kontrollerar kommissionen diskuterad demilitarization av konflikten zonplanerar inom ramen av de November 2004 Sochi överenskommelserna. Deltagandet i mötet var delegationerna av Ryssland, Georgia, norr Ossetia-Alania och södra Ossetia.
På Juni 20-21, 2005 ett nöd- möte av det gemensamt kontrollerar kommissionen för bosättningen av denSöder Ossetia konflikten rymdes i Moscow. Sidorna var förment att underteckna ett protokoll på samarbetet av lag-framtvingandet förkroppsligar i konflikten zonplanerar. Emellertid förutsåg det undertecknade protokollet endast skapelsen av en grupp för att utforska incidenten i konflikten zonplanerar på maj 29 och Juni 6 (mord av fyra Ossetian och för en georgier militärer och försvinnandet av fyra georgier).
På Juli 10, 2005 en landskampkonferens på bosättningen av den georgian-Ossetian konflikten rymdes i Batumi. Teknikerna av södra Ossetia bojkottade konferensen. Under den georgiska presidenten Mikheil för konferensen förklarade Saakashvili att Georgia var ordnar till för att bevilja södra Ossetia full autonomi och för att ändra landets konstitution därmed. Han sade att his planerar av bosättningen av konflikten med södra Ossetia var gradvis och en skulle betydlig tid för take för att genomföra. Han sade att planera tog in i konto som alla wishes som uttrycks på olikt, arrangerar vid de södra Ossetian teknikerna. Den oigenkännliga republiken av södra Ossetia kasserade Saakashvilis erbjudande av autonomi inom Georgia.
På Oktober 11, 2005 den georgiska parlamentet adopterade en upplösning ”på Peacekeepingfunktioner, och läget i konflikten zonplanerar av Georgia.”, Det krävde ryska fredsbevarare som posterades i den georgian-Ossetian konflikten, zonplanerar, för att upprätthålla båda parti överensstämmelse med deras överenskommelser för Februari 1, 2006. Annorlunda kräver den georgiska parlamentet skulle påbörjandet tillvägagångssättet av tillbakadragande från den Dagomys överenskommelsen av 1992 på Februari 15, 2006, och ryska fredsbevarare för att återta.
På December 8, 2005 det gemensamt kontrollerar kommissionen rymde ett nöd- möte, efter som förhöjningen av spänningar i den georgian-Ossetian konflikten zonplanerar. Kommissionen analyserade konflikten, och lagt ut mäter för att garantera en fridsam georgian-Ossetian bosättning. Valery Kenyaikin, ambassadör på stort av den ryska utrikesdepartementet och huvudet av den ryska delen av kommissionen, deltog i mötet.
På Februari 15, 2006 den georgiska parlamentet adopterade ett meddelande som förutser cessation av peacekeepingfunktionen i den georgian-Ossetian konflikten, zonplanerar. Det den kvalificerade ryska handlingen i regionen som ”beväpnade ingripande.”,
På maj 31, 2006 Ryska soldater av den gemensamma Peacekeepingstyrkan i den georgian-Ossetian konflikten zonplanerar roterande soldater till och med den Rok tunnelen, som var ut ur georgier kontrollerar. Tbilisi betraktade den ryska flyttningen som en officiell utmaning. Georgiska myndigheter föregav att Ryssland introducerade en mer stor kontingent under klädseln av rotation.
På Juli 16, 2006 Den georgiska polisen som följs av bilen det gemensamt, kontrollerar kommissionledare som stoppas därefter och, fördröjde dem. De söktes, och deras tillhörigheter beslagtogs för flera timmar. Kommissionmötet måste att senareläggas för en dag och en natt.
På Juli 18, 2006 den georgiska parlamentet adopterade en upplösning på en omgående pullout av ryska fredsbevarare från landet.
På September 27, 2006 Georgiska presidentens säkerhetstjänst arresterade fyra, ryss sommilitären kommenderar arbetet i GRVZEN (gruppen av ryska soldater i södra Caucasus) på spionageladdningar.
Enligt ett meddelande som utfärdas av Marat Kulakhmetov, zonplanerar commanderen av den gemensamma Peacekeepingstyrkan i den georgian-Ossetian konflikten, som bars by samlas massmedia, en georgisk specialgrupp anföll ett medel av en norr Ossetian peacekeepingbataljon, som den lämnade byn av Avnevi på September 29, 2006. Sergeant Kudziyev, som var i medlet, slogs.
På November 12, 2006 en folkomröstning på självständighet rymdes i södra Ossetia tillsammans med presidentvalen.
På Augusti 7 Georgia anklagade Ryssland av en luftaattack, sprutar ut att fordra två Su-25 med rysk teckning som inkräktas in i georgisk luftrum, och avfyrade missiler på en radar posterar nära Gori. Incidentet meddelade annulleringen av ett Tbilisi möte av det gemensamt kontrollerar kommissionen för georgian-Ossetian konfliktupplösning (JCC) som kritiserades för Augusti 9-10. Spänningar som svallas i konflikten, zonplanerar.
På Augusti 29 Georgiska myndigheter arresterade och beslog två militärer från Nord-Ossetianpeacekeepingbataljonen, Tarielen Khachirov och Vitalyen Valiyev. De fördröjdes i ett georgiskt fängelse till Februari 2008, i kränkning av landskamplag och de existerande överenskommelserna på upplösning av den georgian-Ossetian konflikten. Neither tekniker av den gemensamma Peacekeepingstyrkan befaller, nor representanter från den ryska ambassaden i Tbilisi var tillåtna att se dem; de förnekades också rakt till bruksförsvaradvokaterna på domstolutfrågningar.
Fortsättningen av förhandla som är processaa vid det gemensamt, kontrollerar kommissionen för georgian-Ossetian konfliktupplösning (JCC) efter ettmånad avbrott inte kom med något framsteg. Georgia och södra Ossetia som missas för att justera deras, placerar och adopterar ett gemensamt meddelande under samtalen som rymms på Oktober 23-24, 2007 på OSCE-lokalen i Tbilisi.
På mars 31, 2008 en södra Ossetian polis postar nära byn av Okona i det Znaur området anfölls av en grupp som beväpnas med vapen och granatlaunchers. Military observers from the Joint Peacekeeping Force and the OSCE mission established that the shots were fired from an area controlled by Georgia. Two days before the shooting, Georgian police task force and security officers dressed as civilians had been seen in the vicinity.
On April 2 another armed group fired automatic weapons at a South Ossetian Defense Ministry checkpoint near the village of Andzi-si. The servicemen at the checkpoint did not return fire.
A total of 56 incidents of ceasefire violation by Georgian forces were registered by the Joint Peacekeeping Force in April 2008. Most of them involved random shooting with the purpose of fueling tension in the region. Georgian Interior Minister Vano Merabishvili, commenting on the explosion of an anti-personnel mine that injured a local police officer near the village of Kheiti, accused Russian peacekeepers of planting the mine. Later he spoke on Georgia's Alania TV Channel accusing the South Ossetian government of issuing 1,500 fake Russian passports to local residents.
On May 14 President of South Ossetia Eduard Kokoity said the Georgian special services were planning a terrorist attack in the territory of the self-proclaimed republic against Georgians and Georgian peacekeepers.
On May 15 Captain Vladimir Ivanov, an aide to the Joint Peacekeeping Force commander for contacts with the media, announced a planned rotation of the peacekeeping contingent in South Ossetia. Georgian media then spread information about an alleged expansion of the Russian peacekeeping contingent in the conflict zone, quoting Georgia's foreign minister. A routine rotation was described as a "provocation" and a "reckless enterprise."
On May 16 a bomb exploded on a roadside 200 meters from the Georgian village of Ergneti in the conflict zone. No one was hurt. Another bomb was detonated on the road between the Georgian villages of Eredvi and Ditsi. A Georgian Interior Ministry car was hit, injuring one Georgian special task force officer. A third explosion occurred on the same day in the vicinity of the village of Nikozi, where a local resident was injured by a mine in a field.
On July 3 as Dmitry Sanakoyev, head of the ‘alternative' Georgian-backed government of South Ossetia, was driving across the republic to Batumi to attend an international conference, his car was struck by a mine and fired at from the direction of local villages. Sanakoyev's bodyguards returned fire. The shooting went on for several minutes. Three of the guards were severely injured. Sanakoyev himself was unscathed. South Ossetian Interior Minister Mikhail Mindzayev said that the attack on Sanakoyev was orchestrated by Georgia to provide a pretext for invading the self-proclaimed republic.
In the early hours of July 4, 2008 Georgian forces used mortars, grenade launchers and guns to fire at Tskhinvali, the capital of South Ossetia, and the villages of Ubiat and Dmenis. One person was killed and three wounded. Georgian officials claimed that South Ossetia started the shooting and Georgia was forced to fire back in self-defense.
On July 7 the police in Russia's Southern Federal District detained four military men from the Georgian Defense Ministry in the village of Okon, South Ossetia's Znaur District. Officials of the breakaway region of South Ossetia claimed the detained men were pursuing intelligence activities in the Tskhinvali region. Georgian President Mikheil Saakashvili considered the detainment a hostage situation. On July 8, the detainees were released.
On July 9, Russia's Foreign Ministry issued a statement concerning the aggravated situation in the Georgian-Abkhazian and Georgian-Ossetian conflict zones, which said that "For the past several days, the situation in the Georgian-Abkhazian and Georgian-South Ossetian conflict zones has intensified. The city of Tskhinvali has been shelled by the Georgian army, with victims registered among civilians. Fighters and unmanned aircraft of the Georgian Air Force have repeatedly violated the conflict territorial air zones. In a terrorist attack, a South Ossetian police officer was killed. Georgian military set up a post at a strategic site near the village of Sarabuki. Additional military equipment was moved from Georgia into the conflict zone without any coordination with the Joint Peacekeeping Forces, which was registered by military observers including by the OSCE mission in Georgia. These actions point to an open and planned aggression against South Ossetia, which is the internationally recognized side in settling the conflict."
On August 1 and 2, the tension in the Georgian-South Ossetian conflict zone was aggravated due to a massive shelling of Tskhinvali's residential districts, which led to numerous deaths among civilians, with six South Ossetians killed and 15 wounded. Georgia claimed this was a response to South Ossetia's gunfire on Georgia's territory. South Ossetia began evacuating the region's residents to North Ossetia, with 2,500 people leaving their homes during the two days after the shelling.
On August 6, South Ossetian President Eduard Kokoity said he would take "the toughest measures" toward "militants firing at the villages." Previously, the breakaway region's Defense Ministry reported that the Georgian side started sniper fire at the South Ossetian villages of Mugut and Didmukha in the Znaur District at around 12:00 p.m. According to South Ossetian sources, the Georgian special forces attempted to occupy Nul Height to gain control over the Znaur road and the South Ossetian villages located along the road. In the afternoon, it was reported that an aggressive battle was taking place at the village of Nul.
Irina Gagloyeva, head of South Ossetia's Committee for Information and the Press, told RIA Novosti that South Ossetian units had forced the Georgian military units out of Nul Height.
Georgia's Interior Ministry, however, denied the reports.
The same day, the special envoy of the Russian Foreign Ministry, Yury Popov, said direct Georgian-South Ossetian talks with Russian mediators were offered in the Joint Peacekeeping Forces' headquarters for August 7. However, Tskhinvali refused the offer.
On August 7 Georgian President Mikheil Saakashvili, in his national TV address to Georgia and to the Tskhinvali region, said he was ready for any negotiations to settle the conflict with South Ossetia. He suggested Russia become a guarantor of South Ossetia's autonomy within Georgia.
According to the South Ossetian Interior Ministry, on August 7 Georgia started ground fire and shelling of the South Ossetian capital Tskhinvali from the village of Nikozi. Then, according to Tskhinvali, the shelling and shooting at the South Ossetian village of Khetagurovo was started from the Georgian village of Avnevi. About 10 people were killed and another 50 received various wounds. The Georgian media, however, reported that the South Ossetian side had been shelling the Georgian villages of Avnevi and Nuli for three hours. According to the information of the Joint Peacekeeping Forces in the conflict zone, it was the Georgian side that started firing first. Also, there were reports that Russian peacekeepers were fired on.
On August 8 Georgia started military operations in the Georgian-Ossetian conflict zone.
15:04 | 13/ 08/ 2008
The article was written using information of RIA Novosti news agency and open sources
Rian.ru
Хроника georgian-Ossetian конфликта: Лист факта
Automatically translated into Russian thanks to WorldLingo
В временах Совета южное Ossetia было автономным округ внутри Georgia. В президенте 1991 Georgia первом, Zviad Gamsakhurdia, отменило автономию. Южные авторитеты Ossetian излучили то решение и положенные вверх вооруженному сопротивлению к Georgians.
В январе 1991 открытая война break out между Georgia и южным Ossetia требуя тяжелые потери в живой силе на обеих сторонах.
После вооруженного конфликта, которое не продолжить до 1992, Georgia потеряло управление над территорией и силы по поддержанию мира были введены в зону конфликта.
В 1994 беседы для того чтобы установить конфликт начали. 16-ого мая 1996 меморандум на измерениях обеспеченностью и доверием между сторонами был подписан в Moscow. Georgian президент Eduard Shevardnadze и южный президент Lyudvig Chibirov Ossetian имели несколько встреч для того чтобы обсудить дороги закончить конфликт. Россия была посредником в процессе переговоров. 23-его декабря 2000 Русск-Georgian межправительственное согласование было подписано на взаимодействии и хозяйственной реконструкции в georgian-Ossetian зоне конфликта и на возвращении беженцев. В апреле 2001 референдум в южном Ossetia ввел изменения в конституции республики. Georgia рассматривает, что референдум будет противозаконн.
22-ого декабря 2001 полет OSCE в Georgia и европейскую комиссию подписал согласование на euro даре 210.000 для измерений установить georgian-Ossetian конфликт. Европейская комиссия участие активно собирая и разрушая оружия в зоне конфликта.
10th встреча делегаций партий официальных осуществила как часть переговоров для того чтобы установить georgian-Ossetian конфликт вне The Hague 14-ого до 17 октября 2003. Принимали участие в консультациях представители республики северного Ossetia-Alania, голландских co-стулов OSCE, головки полета OSCE к Georgia и представителей европейской комиссии. For the first time партии не сумели подписать заключительный протокол из-за субстантивных разниц над своим содержанием.
31-ого мая 2004 командир совместных сил по поддержанию мира в georgian-Ossetian зоне конфликта, Svyatoslav Nabdzorov, объявил намерие ликвидировать checkpoints Georgian, котор Министерство внутренних дел установило вверх вдоль хайвея Gori-Tskhinvali ostensibly для того чтобы остановить перевозку контрабандного товара.
1-ого июня 2004 русское чужое министерство сделало 3 заявления на ситуации в georgian-Ossetian зоне конфликта. Русское министерство call on Georgian авторитеты для того чтобы узнать опасность provocations в зоне.
2-ого июня 2004, во время встречи co-руководителей совместной комиссии управления для выселка georgian-Ossetian конфликта представители Georgian и Ossetian согласились не использовать усилие или хозяйственное давление with regard to.
3-его июня 2004 Georgia послало 20 flatcars с баками и armored кораблями, несколькими ракет Grad и 350 peacekeepers к зоне Tskhinvali. Georgia имело 150 войск подготовленных с малыми рукоятками около Tskhinvali. Все в всех, Georgia могут иметь 500 военнослужащих с лимитированными количествами панцыря в зоне конфликта, сказанного Министерства Обороны страны.
28-ого июня 2004 3 члена Georgian министерства обеспеченностью были задержаны на подозрении поручая диверсионных актов и террорисма в южном Ossetia. После случая Georgia отказало присутствовать на встрече совместной комиссии управления из-за держалось в Moscow 30-ого июня. 3-его июля были выпущены представители Georgian специальное обслуживание. Georgia объявило что оно будет продолжаться работать с комиссией.
30-ого июня 2004 Русские peacekeepers были атакованы Georgian блоком Министерства внутренних дел. Русское чужое министерство call on Tbilisi «для того чтобы не принести ситуацию в южном Ossetia к пункту опасности.» Moscow «не имеет никакое сомнение что неволей захват воинского свойства нарочито был aim at более далее усугубляя ситуацию в южном Ossetia и минируя Русск-Georgian отношения,» русское чужое министерство сказал.
Ситуация в georgian-Ossetian зоне конфликта приняла поворот для плохого когда вооруженная стычка произошло в Liakhvi Gorge в южном Ossetia. Tbilisi сообщил что 2 Georgian peacekeepers были ранены и одно kidnapped. 8-ого до 9 июля беседы держались в Tskhinvali между Georgian государственным министром Giorgi Khaindrava и депутатом командиром русского лейтенанта генералитета Valery Yevnevich сухопутных войска на выселке georgian-Ossetian конфликта. Обе стороны обсудили измерения стабилизировать ситуацию вокруг южного Ossetia.
11-ого июля встреча осуществила в Tskhinvali между головкой unrecognized республики южного Ossetia Eduard Kokoity и посола Lev Mironov русского чужого министерства специального для того чтобы обсудить подготовку и удерживание встречи совместной комиссии управления (JCC) на выселке ситуации в южном Ossetia. На the same day рабочая встреча осуществил в Tskhinvali между co-руководителями JCC с участием южного посола Борис Chochiyev Ossetian специального и представителем северного правительства Ossetian, Teimuraz Kusov. Партии согласились остановить все провокационная акция в georgian-Ossetian зоне конфликта. Спорящие стороны pledged для того чтобы остановить снимать и поднять экономическую блокаду.
14-ого июля 2004 первый круг закрытых high-level бесед в форме JCC держался в Moscow. Партии согласились что противозаконные вооруженные блоки должны быть разделены от зоны конфликта. Они подтвердили состояние peacekeepers в зоне конфликта. Руководитель Georgian совета национальной безопасности, Gela Bezhuashvili, сказанного что разрешение южной проблемы Ossetian кладет в восстановление территориальная целостность Georgia.
15-ого июля, во время второго круга бесед, члены встречи JCC подписали заключительный документ call on руководители Tbilisi и Tskhinvali не использовать усилие для того чтобы разрешить конфликт. Партии должны удостоить всех ранее согласований. Все противозаконные вооруженные блоки должны были быть разоруженным и воинские корабли должны быть разделены от зоны конфликта. Отдельно пункт в протоколе был посвящен к гуманитарной помощи: партии вновь подтвердили что такие грузы должны были насладиться благоприятным режимом таможен, как предписано согласованиями 1992 Dagomys. Стороны согласились что JCC будет постоянным органом основанным в Tskhinvali и что following встреча осуществит в Tbilisi несколько дней более поздно.
На встрече в Tskhinvali 19-ого июля 2004 представители Georgia, южное Ossetia, северное Ossetia и Россия согласовали комплект вверх группа в составе секретарши частей Georgian, юга и северных Ossetian JCC; и 21-ого июля, группа и counselor на русском посольстве в Georgia созвали их первое собрание в Tbilisi. Georgia и южное Ossetia вновь подтвердили их принятие окончательного решения к мирному урегулированию конфликта в georgian-Ossetian конфликте и к предотвращать возрастание напряженности. Встреча представителей co-стулов JCC в Tskhinvali 22-ого июля установила краиние сроки для старта совместный патрулировать georgian-Ossetian зоны конфликта peacekeepers и наблюдателями OSCE и трассами патрулей.
30-ого сентября до 2-ого октября 2004 совместная встреча комиссии управления (JCC) в Moscow обсудила перспективности разрешать конфликтную ситуацию в южном Ossetia, предотвращая будущих кризисах и хозяйственной реабилитации зоны конфликта. Установила рабочую группу up to подготовляет решения на разведении противозаконных блоков, разбирать противозаконных checkpoints и установке - вверх новых checkpoints peacekeepers.
5-ого ноября 2004 беседы держались в Sochi между Georgian премьер-министром Zurab Zhvania и головкой южного Ossetia, Eduard Kokoity. Они были посредничаны русским чужим министерством представленным первым заместителем министра иностранных дел Valery Loshchinin. Партии согласились на полной демилитаризации georgian-Ossetian зоны конфликта. 13-ого ноября Georgian государственный министр Giorgi Khaindrava и специальный министр дел правительства южного Ossetia Борис Chochiyev согласились ликвидировать dugouts и другие структуры воиска. 15-ого ноября ликвидирование воинских структур инженерства начало в georgian-Ossetian зоне конфликта.
18-ого до 19 ноября 2004 встреча JCC в Vladikavkaz рассмотрела прогресс в выполнении Русских-brokered согласований между Georgian премьер-министром Zurab Zhvania и президентом unrecognized республики южного Ossetia, Eduard Kokoity, котор достигли в Sochi 5-ого ноября. Президент республики северного Ossetia-Alania Александр Dzasokhov, говоря на встрече JCC, подпер предложение сделанное Zhvania и Kokoity для того чтобы сформировать специальное экономическую зону которое включило бы заречье Alagir северного Ossetia, южного Ossetia и заречья Gori Georgia.
В январе 2005 Mikheil Saakashvili объявило мирные инициативы with regard to южное Ossetia на встрече ПОБЕЖКИ в страсбурге. Южному Ossetia предложило обширную автономию как часть одиночного Georgian положения. Президент George W. Bush. Кустик в телефонном разговоре 15-ого февраля подпер инициативы Saakashvili. Южный президент Eduard Kokoity Ossetian, комментируя на инициативах Saakashvili, сказал что «южное Ossetia длиной было независимо республикой» и смогло быть никакой вопрос создавать общее положение с Georgia.
11-ого марта 2005 Mikheil Saakashvili сказало инструктажу что он не ждет длиной для реакции Tskhinvali к его инициативам на состоянии южного Ossetia. Он заметил что некоторые представители авторитетов Tskhinvali приветствовали Georgian инициативы, но был неспособен сделать решение. Он сказал зона и Abkhazia Tskhinvali и «никогда, котор становят часть империи, даже бывшей империи.» «Эти будут нашими людьми, нашей вызванной территорией Georgia и оно никогда не будет вызвано что-нибудь еще,» сказанное Saakashvili.
16-ого до 17 марта 2005 встреча co-стулов совместной комиссии управления обсудила демилитаризацию зоны конфликта within the framework of согласования ноября 2004 Sochi. Принимали участие в встрече делегации России, Georgia, северного Ossetia-Alania и южного Ossetia.
20-ого до 21 июня 2005 чрезвычайное заседание совместной комиссии управления для выселка конфликта Ossetia Georgia-Юга держалось в Moscow. Были предположены, что подписали стороны протокол на сотрудничестве тел закон-принуждения в зоне конфликта. Однако, протокол подписал после того как он envisaged только творению группы для того чтобы расследовать случаи в зоне конфликта 29-ого мая и 6-ого июня (убийство 4 Ossetian и Georgian военнослужащих одного и пропадания 4 Georgians).
10-ого июля 2005 международная конференция на выселке georgian-Ossetian конфликта держалось в Batumi. Представители южного Ossetia бойкотировали конференцию. Во время президента конференции Georgian Mikheil Saakashvili объявило что Georgia было готово дарить южному Ossetia полную автономию и откорректировать конституцию страны соответственно. Он сказал что его план урегулирование спорного вопроса с южным Ossetia был фазированное одним и принимал значительное время снабдить. Он сказал план учел все желания выраженные на различных этапах южными представителями Ossetian. Unrecognized республика предложения южного Saakashvili излученного Ossetia автономии внутри Georgia.
11-ого октября 2005 Georgian парламент принял разрешение «на деятельностях Peacekeeping и ситуации в зонах конфликта Georgia.» Оно требовал русских peacekeepers, помещенных в georgian-Ossetian зоне конфликта, для того чтобы принудить соответствие обеих партий с их согласованиями до 1-ого февраля 2006. В противном случае, Georgian парламент начал бы процедуру разведения от согласования Dagomys 1992 15-ого февраля 2006, и требует, что русские peacekeepers разделяют.
8-ого декабря 2005 совместная комиссия управления держала чрезвычайное заседание следуя за увеличением напряжений в georgian-Ossetian зоне конфликта. Комиссия проанализировала конфликт и lay out измерения гарантировать мирный georgian-Ossetian выселок. Valery Kenyaikin, посол по особым поручениям русских чужих министерства и головки русской части комиссии, присутствовало на встрече.
15-ого февраля 2006 Georgian парламент принял заявление envisaging cessation деятельности peacekeeping в georgian-Ossetian зоне конфликта. Оно квалифицировало русское действие в зоне как «вооруженная интервенция.»
31-ого мая 2006 Русские войска совместной силы по поддержанию мира в georgian-Ossetian зоне конфликта повернули войск через тоннель Rok, который был из Georgian управления. Tbilisi сосчитал русское движение как официальная возможность. Georgian авторитеты ссылались что Россия вводила большой контингент под guise вращения.
16-ого июля 2006 Georgian полиции последовали за автомобилем совместными после этого остановленными руководителями комиссии управления и задержали их. Они были поисканы, и их пожитки были конфискованы на несколько часов. Встреча комиссии должна быть отложена на день и ноча.
18-ого июля 2006 Georgian парламент принял разрешение на немедленно вырывании русских peacekeepers от страны.
27-ого сентября 2006 Georgian секретные службы арестовали 4 русских воинских офицеров работая в GRVZ (группе в составе русские войска в южном Caucasus) на обязанностях шпионства.
Согласно заявлению выданному Marat Kulakhmetov, командир совместной силы по поддержанию мира в georgian-Ossetian зоне конфликта, которая была снесена средствами массовой информации, Georgian силы особого назначения атаковал корабль северного дивизиона peacekeeping Ossetian по мере того как она выходило село Avnevi 29-ого сентября 2006. Sergeant Kudziyev, который находился в корабле, был побит.
12-ого ноября 2006 референдум на независимости держался в южном Ossetia наряду с президентскими выборами.
7-ого августа Россия обвиненная Georgia нападения воздуха, требуя 2 двигателя Su-25 при русские маркировки нападенные в Georgian airspace и ые реактивные снаряды на станции радиолокатора около Gori. Случай пробудил отмену встречи Tbilisi совместной комиссии управления для georgian-Ossetian улаживание конфликта (JCC) slated на 9-ое до 10 августа. Напряжения вздымались в зоне конфликта.
29-ого августа Georgian авторитеты арестовали и осудили 2 военнослужащих от дивизиона peacekeeping Севера-Ossetian, Tariel Khachirov и Vitaly Valiyev. Они были задержаны в Georgian тюрьме до февраля 2008, в нарушение международное право и existing согласования на разрешении georgian-Ossetian конфликта. Ни представители совместной силы по поддержанию мира управляют ни позволили увидеть должностным лицам от русского посольства в Tbilisi их; им также отказали право использовать юристов обороны на судебных процессах.
Возобновление процесс переговоров совместной комиссией управления для georgian-Ossetian улаживание конфликта (JCC) после того как пролом 12-месяца не принес NIKAKой прогресс. Georgia и южное Ossetia не сумели отрегулировать их положения и принять совместное заявление во время держат бесед, котор 23-его до 24 октября 2007 на предпосылках OSCE в Tbilisi.
31-ого марта 2008 южный столб полиций Ossetian почти село Okona в заречье Znaur был атакован группой подготовленной с пушками и launchers гранаты. Military observers from the Joint Peacekeeping Force and the OSCE mission established that the shots were fired from an area controlled by Georgia. Two days before the shooting, Georgian police task force and security officers dressed as civilians had been seen in the vicinity.
On April 2 another armed group fired automatic weapons at a South Ossetian Defense Ministry checkpoint near the village of Andzi-si. The servicemen at the checkpoint did not return fire.
A total of 56 incidents of ceasefire violation by Georgian forces were registered by the Joint Peacekeeping Force in April 2008. Most of them involved random shooting with the purpose of fueling tension in the region. Georgian Interior Minister Vano Merabishvili, commenting on the explosion of an anti-personnel mine that injured a local police officer near the village of Kheiti, accused Russian peacekeepers of planting the mine. Later he spoke on Georgia's Alania TV Channel accusing the South Ossetian government of issuing 1,500 fake Russian passports to local residents.
On May 14 President of South Ossetia Eduard Kokoity said the Georgian special services were planning a terrorist attack in the territory of the self-proclaimed republic against Georgians and Georgian peacekeepers.
On May 15 Captain Vladimir Ivanov, an aide to the Joint Peacekeeping Force commander for contacts with the media, announced a planned rotation of the peacekeeping contingent in South Ossetia. Georgian media then spread information about an alleged expansion of the Russian peacekeeping contingent in the conflict zone, quoting Georgia's foreign minister. A routine rotation was described as a "provocation" and a "reckless enterprise."
On May 16 a bomb exploded on a roadside 200 meters from the Georgian village of Ergneti in the conflict zone. No one was hurt. Another bomb was detonated on the road between the Georgian villages of Eredvi and Ditsi. A Georgian Interior Ministry car was hit, injuring one Georgian special task force officer. A third explosion occurred on the same day in the vicinity of the village of Nikozi, where a local resident was injured by a mine in a field.
On July 3 as Dmitry Sanakoyev, head of the ‘alternative' Georgian-backed government of South Ossetia, was driving across the republic to Batumi to attend an international conference, his car was struck by a mine and fired at from the direction of local villages. Sanakoyev's bodyguards returned fire. The shooting went on for several minutes. Three of the guards were severely injured. Sanakoyev himself was unscathed. South Ossetian Interior Minister Mikhail Mindzayev said that the attack on Sanakoyev was orchestrated by Georgia to provide a pretext for invading the self-proclaimed republic.
In the early hours of July 4, 2008 Georgian forces used mortars, grenade launchers and guns to fire at Tskhinvali, the capital of South Ossetia, and the villages of Ubiat and Dmenis. One person was killed and three wounded. Georgian officials claimed that South Ossetia started the shooting and Georgia was forced to fire back in self-defense.
On July 7 the police in Russia's Southern Federal District detained four military men from the Georgian Defense Ministry in the village of Okon, South Ossetia's Znaur District. Officials of the breakaway region of South Ossetia claimed the detained men were pursuing intelligence activities in the Tskhinvali region. Georgian President Mikheil Saakashvili considered the detainment a hostage situation. On July 8, the detainees were released.
On July 9, Russia's Foreign Ministry issued a statement concerning the aggravated situation in the Georgian-Abkhazian and Georgian-Ossetian conflict zones, which said that "For the past several days, the situation in the Georgian-Abkhazian and Georgian-South Ossetian conflict zones has intensified. The city of Tskhinvali has been shelled by the Georgian army, with victims registered among civilians. Fighters and unmanned aircraft of the Georgian Air Force have repeatedly violated the conflict territorial air zones. In a terrorist attack, a South Ossetian police officer was killed. Georgian military set up a post at a strategic site near the village of Sarabuki. Additional military equipment was moved from Georgia into the conflict zone without any coordination with the Joint Peacekeeping Forces, which was registered by military observers including by the OSCE mission in Georgia. These actions point to an open and planned aggression against South Ossetia, which is the internationally recognized side in settling the conflict."
On August 1 and 2, the tension in the Georgian-South Ossetian conflict zone was aggravated due to a massive shelling of Tskhinvali's residential districts, which led to numerous deaths among civilians, with six South Ossetians killed and 15 wounded. Georgia claimed this was a response to South Ossetia's gunfire on Georgia's territory. South Ossetia began evacuating the region's residents to North Ossetia, with 2,500 people leaving their homes during the two days after the shelling.
On August 6, South Ossetian President Eduard Kokoity said he would take "the toughest measures" toward "militants firing at the villages." Previously, the breakaway region's Defense Ministry reported that the Georgian side started sniper fire at the South Ossetian villages of Mugut and Didmukha in the Znaur District at around 12:00 p.m. According to South Ossetian sources, the Georgian special forces attempted to occupy Nul Height to gain control over the Znaur road and the South Ossetian villages located along the road. In the afternoon, it was reported that an aggressive battle was taking place at the village of Nul.
Irina Gagloyeva, head of South Ossetia's Committee for Information and the Press, told RIA Novosti that South Ossetian units had forced the Georgian military units out of Nul Height.
Georgia's Interior Ministry, however, denied the reports.
The same day, the special envoy of the Russian Foreign Ministry, Yury Popov, said direct Georgian-South Ossetian talks with Russian mediators were offered in the Joint Peacekeeping Forces' headquarters for August 7. However, Tskhinvali refused the offer.
On August 7 Georgian President Mikheil Saakashvili, in his national TV address to Georgia and to the Tskhinvali region, said he was ready for any negotiations to settle the conflict with South Ossetia. He suggested Russia become a guarantor of South Ossetia's autonomy within Georgia.
According to the South Ossetian Interior Ministry, on August 7 Georgia started ground fire and shelling of the South Ossetian capital Tskhinvali from the village of Nikozi. Then, according to Tskhinvali, the shelling and shooting at the South Ossetian village of Khetagurovo was started from the Georgian village of Avnevi. About 10 people were killed and another 50 received various wounds. The Georgian media, however, reported that the South Ossetian side had been shelling the Georgian villages of Avnevi and Nuli for three hours. According to the information of the Joint Peacekeeping Forces in the conflict zone, it was the Georgian side that started firing first. Also, there were reports that Russian peacekeepers were fired on.
On August 8 Georgia started military operations in the Georgian-Ossetian conflict zone.
15:04 | 13/ 08/ 2008
The article was written using information of RIA Novosti news agency and open sources
Rian.ru
Stel van het Georgisch-Georgian-Ossetian conflict te boek: Fiche
Automatically translated into Dutch thanks to WorldLingo
In de Sovjettijden was Zuid-Ossetië een autonoom gebied binnen Georgië. In de eerste voorzitter van Georgië van 1991, schafte Zviad Gamsakhurdia, de autonomie af. De Ossetian overheid van het Zuiden verwierp dat besluit en bood een bewapende weerstand tegen de Georgiërs.
In Januari 1991 de open oorlogvoering brak tussen Georgië en Zuid-Ossetië uit die zware slachtoffers aan beide kanten eisen.
Na het gewapende conflict, dat tot 1992 duurde, verloor Georgië controle over het grondgebied en de behoud van de vredekrachten werden geïntroduceerd in de conflictstreek.
In 1994 de besprekingen om het conflict te regelen begonnen. Op 16 Mei, 1996 werd een mededeling op veiligheid en vertrouwensmaatregelen tussen de kanten ondertekend in Moskou. Georgische President Eduard Shevardnadze en Zuiden Ossetian President Lyudvig Chibirov had verscheidene vergaderingen om manieren te bespreken om het conflict te beëindigen. Rusland was de bemiddelaar in het onderhandelingsproces. Op 23 December, 2000 werd een Russisch-Georgische intergouvernementele overeenkomst ondertekend over interactie en economische wederopbouw in de Georgisch-Georgian-Ossetian conflictstreek en over de terugkeer van vluchtelingen. In April 2001 introduceerde een referendum in Zuid-Ossetië veranderingen in de grondwet van de republiek. Georgië overweegt onwettig het referendum om te zijn.
Op 22 December, 2001 de OSCE opdracht in Georgië en de Europese Commissie ondertekende een overeenkomst over een euro toelage 210.000 voor maatregelen om het Georgisch-Georgian-Ossetian conflict te regelen. De Europese Commissie speelde een actieve rol in het verzamelen van en het vernietigen van wapens in de conflictstreek.
De 10de vergadering van de de ambtenaardelegaties van de partijen vond als deel van de onderhandelingen plaats om het Georgisch-Georgian-Ossetian conflict buiten Den Haag op 14-17 Oktober, 2003 te regelen. Namen aan het overleg deel de vertegenwoordigers van de Republiek van het Noorden ossetia-Alania, Nederlandse co-chairs van OSCE, het hoofd van de OSCE opdracht aan Georgië en de vertegenwoordigers van de Europese Commissie. Voor het eerst er niet in slaagden de partijen om een definitief protocol te ondertekenen toe te schrijven aan aanzienlijke verschillen over zijn inhoud.
Op 31 Mei, 2004 de bevelhebber van de Gezamenlijke Krachten van het Behoud van de vrede in de Georgisch-Georgian-Ossetian conflictstreek, Svyatoslav Nabdzorov, verklaarde de bedoeling om de controleposten te liquideren het Georgische Binnenlandse Ministerie langs de weg gori-Tskhinvali schijnbaar had opgezet om het vervoer van gesmokkelde goederen tegen te houden.
Op 1 Juni, 2004 het Russische Buitenlandse Ministerie legde drie verklaringen over de situatie in de Georgisch-Georgian-Ossetian conflictstreek af. Het Russische ministerie nodigde de Georgische overheid uit om het gevaar van provocaties in het gebied te erkennen.
Op 2 Juni, 2004, tijdens een vergadering van de medevoorzitters van de Gezamenlijke Commissie van de Controle voor de regeling van het conflict Georgisch-Ossetian kwamen de Georgische en Ossetian vertegenwoordigers om kracht of economische druk met betrekking tot elkaar niet overeen te gebruiken.
Op 3 Juni, 2004 Georgië verzond 20 flatcars met tanks en gepantserde voertuigen, verscheidene raketten Grad en 350 vredeskorpsen naar het gebied Tskhinvali. Georgië had 150 troepen die met kleine wapens dichtbij Tskhinvali worden bewapend. Alles bij elkaar, kan Georgië 500 militairen met beperkte hoeveelheden van pantser in de conflictstreek, het bovengenoemde Ministerie van de Defensie van het land hebben.
Op 28 Juni, 2004 drie leden van het Georgische Ministerie van de Veiligheid werden vastgehouden op verdenking om handelingen van sabotage en terrorisme in Zuid-Ossetië te begaan. Na het incident weigerde Georgië om de vergadering van de Gezamenlijke Commissie bij te wonen van de Controle gepast om in Moskou op 30 worden gehouden Juni. Op 3 Juli werden de vertegenwoordigers van de Georgische speciale diensten bevrijd. Georgië verklaarde dat het zou blijven werkend met de commissie.
Op 30 Juni, 2004 De Russische vredeskorpsen werden aangevallen door een Georgische Binnenlandse eenheid van het Ministerie. Het Russische Buitenlandse Ministerie nodigde Tbilisi uit „om de situatie in Zuid-Ossetië aan een gevaarspunt niet te brengen.“ Moskou „heeft zonder twijfel dat de gedwongen beslaglegging van militair bezit doelbewust werd gericht op verder het verergeren van de situatie in Zuid-Ossetië en het ondermijnen van de Russisch-Georgische relaties,“ het Russische Buitenlandse bovengenoemde Ministerie.
De situatie in de Georgisch-Georgian-Ossetian conflictstreek nam een draai voor slechter toen een bewapend conflict in de Kloof Liakhvi in Zuid-Ossetië voorkwam. Tbilisi rapporteerde dat twee Georgische vredeskorpsen gewond waren en één ontvoerd. Op 8-9 Juli werden de besprekingen gehouden in Tskhinvali tussen Georgische Minister van Staat Giorgi Khaindrava en de Bevelhebber van de Afgevaardigde van de Russische Luitenant van de Krachten van de Grond Generaal Valery Yevnevich op de regeling van het Georgisch-Georgian-Ossetian conflict. De twee partijen bespraken maatregelen om de situatie rond Zuid-Ossetië te stabiliseren.
Op 11 Juli een vergadering vond in Tskhinvali tussen het hoofd van de niet erkende republiek van Zuid-Ossetië Eduard Kokoity en Lev Mironov van de Ambassadeur van het Russische Buitenlandse Ministerie Speciale om plaats de voorbereiding en het houden van de vergadering van de Gezamenlijke Commissie van de Controle (JCC) op de regeling van de situatie in Zuid-Ossetië te bespreken. Op dezelfde dag vond een werkende vergadering in Tskhinvali tussen de medevoorzitters van JCC met de participatie van de Ossetian Speciale Ambassadeur Boris Chochiyev van het Zuiden en een vertegenwoordiger van de Ossetian overheid van het Noorden, Teimuraz Kusov plaats. De partijen kwamen overeen om alle provocatieve acties in de Georgisch-Georgian-Ossetian conflictstreek tegen te houden. De tegenstrijdige partijen verbonden ertoe om het ontspruiten tegen te houden en de economische blokkade op te heffen.
Op 14 Juli, 2004 de eerste ronde van gesloten besprekingen op hoog niveau in het formaat JCC werd gehouden in Moskou. De partijen waren het ermee eens dat de onwettige bewapende eenheden van de conflictstreek moesten worden teruggetrokken. Zij bevestigden de status van de vredeskorpsen in de conflictstreek. De voorzitter van de Georgische Nationale Veiligheidsraad, Gela Bezhuashvili, zei dat de oplossing van het Ossetian probleem van het Zuiden in de restauratie van de territoriale integriteit van Georgië lag.
Op 15 Juli, tijdens de tweede ronde van de besprekingen, de leden van de vergadering JCC een definitief document uitnodigend de leiders van Tbilisi en Tskhinvali ondertekenden om kracht niet te gebruiken om het conflict op te lossen. De partijen moesten alle vorige overeenkomsten eren. Alle onwettige bewapende eenheden moesten worden ontwapend en de militaire voertuigen moesten van de conflictstreek worden teruggetrokken. Een afzonderlijk punt in het protocol werd gewijd aan humanitaire hulp: de partijen bevestigden opnieuw dat dergelijke ladingen een van gunstig douaneregime moesten genieten, zoals voorgeschreven bij overeenkomsten Dagomys van 1992. De partijen waren het ermee eens dat JCC een permanent lichaam dat in Tskhinvali wordt gebaseerd zou zijn en dat de volgende vergadering in Tbilisi verscheidene later dagen zou plaatsvinden.
Op een vergadering in Tskhinvali op 19 Juli, 2004 overeen kwamen de vertegenwoordigers van Georgië, Zuid-Ossetië, Noord-Ossetië en Rusland om een groep secretaresses van de Ossetian delen van Georgiër, van het Zuiden en van het Noorden van JCC op te richten; en op 21 Juli, hielden de groep en de adviseur bij de Russische Ambassade in Georgië hun eerste vergadering in Tbilisi. Georgië en Zuid-Ossetië bevestigden hun verplichting aan een vreedzame regeling in het Georgisch-Georgian-Ossetian conflict en aan het verhinderen van een escalatie van spanningen opnieuw. Een vergadering van de vertegenwoordigers van co-chairs van JCC in Tskhinvali op Juli 22 reeks de uiterste termijnen voor het begin van het gezamenlijke patrouilleren van de Georgisch-Georgian-Ossetian conflictstreek door vredeskorpsen en OSCE waarnemers en de routes van de patrouilles.
Op September 2 30-oktober, 2004 een gezamenlijke vergadering van de Controle van de Commissie (JCC) in Moskou besprak de perspectieven op het oplossen van de conflictsituatie die in Zuid-Ossetië, toekomstige crisissen en economische rehabilitatie van de conflictstreek verhindert. Een werkgroep werd opgericht om besluiten betreffende de terugtrekking van onwettige eenheden, het ontmantelen van onwettige controleposten en de vestiging van nieuwe controleposten voor te bereiden door vredeskorpsen.
Op 5 November, 2004 de besprekingen werden gehouden in Sotchi tussen Georgische Eerste Minister Zurab Zhvania en het hoofd van Zuid-Ossetië, Eduard Kokoity. Zij werden door het Russische Buitenlandse Ministerie bemiddeld dat door de Eerste Minister van Buitenlandse Zaken Valery Loshchinin wordt vertegenwoordigd van de Afgevaardigde. De partijen gingen bij de volledige demilitarisatie van de Georgisch-Georgian-Ossetian conflictstreek akkoord. Op 13 November kwamen de Georgische Minister van Staat Giorgi Khaindrava en de Speciale Minister van Zaken van de Regering van Zuid-Ossetië Boris Chochiyev overeen om dugouts en andere militaire structuren te liquideren. Op 15 November begon de liquidatie van militaire techniekstructuren in de Georgisch-Georgian-Ossetian conflictstreek.
Op 18-19 November, 2004 een vergadering van JCC in Vladikavkaz herzien vooruitgang in de vervulling van Russisch-Brokered overeenkomsten tussen Georgische Eerste Minister Zurab Zhvania en de president van de niet erkende Republiek Zuid-Ossetië, Eduard Kokoity, die in Sotchi op 5 wordt bereikt November. De president van de Republiek die van het Noorden ossetia-Alania Alexander Dzasokhov, op de vergadering JCC spreekt, steunde het voorstel gedaan door Zhvania en Kokoity om een speciale economische streek te vormen die het District Alagir van Noord-Ossetië, Zuid-Ossetië en het District Gori van Georgië zou omvatten.
Op Januari 2005 Mikheil Saakashvili kondigde vredesinitiatieven met betrekking tot Zuid-Ossetië op een vergadering van het TEMPO in Straatsburg aan. Zuid-Ossetië werd aangeboden de brede autonomie als deel van de enige Georgische staat. President George W. Bush in een telefoongesprek op 15 Februari de gesteunde initiatieven van Saakashvili. Zei Ossetian President Eduard die Kokoity van het zuiden, op de initiatieven van Saakashvili commentaar geeft, dat „Zuid-Ossetië lang een onafhankelijke republiek“ is geweest en er geen kwestie zou kunnen zijn om een gemeenschappelijke staat met Georgië tot stand te brengen.
Op 11 Maart, 2005 Mikheil Saakashvili vertelde een briefing geen die hij lang op de reactie van Tskhinvali op zijn initiatieven op de status van Zuid-Ossetië zou wachten. Hij merkte op dat sommige vertegenwoordigers van de autoriteiten Tskhinvali met de Georgische initiatieven instemden, maar konden een besluit nemen niet. Hij zei het gebied Tskhinvali en Abchazië zou „nooit een deel van een imperium, zelfs van een vroeger imperium.“ worden „Dit zijn onze mensen, ons grondgebied genoemd Georgië en het zal nooit genoemd worden iets anders,“ bovengenoemde Saakashvili.
Op 16-17 Maart, 2005 een vergadering van co-chairs van de Gezamenlijke Commissie van de Controle besprak demilitarisatie van de conflictstreek in het kader van de overeenkomsten van Sotchi van November 2004. Namen aan de vergadering deel de delegaties van Rusland, Georgië, het Noorden ossetia-Alania en Zuid-Ossetië.
Op 20-21 Juni, 2005 een noodsituatievergadering van de Gezamenlijke Commissie van de Controle voor de regeling van het Georgië-Zuiden conflict van Ossetia werd gehouden in Moskou. De kanten waren verondersteld om een protocol inzake de samenwerking van de wet-handhaving organismen in de conflictstreek te ondertekenen. Nochtans, overwoog het ondertekende protocol slechts de oprichting van een groep om de incidenten in de conflictstreek op 29 Mei en 6 Juni (de moord van Ossetian vier en Georgische militairen één en de verdwijning van vier Georgiërs) te onderzoeken.
Op 10 Juli, 2005 een internationale conferentie over de regeling van het Georgisch-Georgian-Ossetian conflict werd gehouden in Batumi. De vertegenwoordigers van Zuid-Ossetië boycotten de conferentie. Tijdens de conferentie Georgiër verklaarde President Mikheil Saakashvili dat Georgië bereid was om Zuid-Ossetië de volledige autonomie te verlenen en de Grondwet van het land dienovereenkomstig te wijzigen. Hij zei dat zijn plan van regeling van het conflict met Zuid-Ossetië was een één van faseren en aanzienlijke tijd zou vergen uit te voeren. Hij zei het plan rekening met alle wensen hield die in diverse stadia door de Ossetian vertegenwoordigers van het Zuiden worden uitgesproken. De niet erkende republiek van Zuid-Ossetië verwierp de aanbieding van Saakashvili van de autonomie binnen Georgië.
Op 11 Oktober, 2005 het Georgische parlement keurde een resolutie „over de Verrichtingen van het Behoud van de vrede en de Situatie in de Streken van het Conflict van Georgië goed.“ Het vereiste Russische vredeskorpsen, die in de Georgisch-Georgian-Ossetian conflictstreek worden geplaatst, de naleving van beide partijen van hun overeenkomsten vóór 1 Februari, 2006 af te dwingen. Anders, zou het Georgische parlement de procedure van terugtrekking van de Overeenkomst Dagomys van 1992 op 15 Februari, 2006, in werking stellen en zou Russische vredeskorpsen om zich vereisen terug te trekken.
Op 8 December, 2005 de gezamenlijke Commissie van de Controle hield een noodsituatievergadering na de verhoging van spanningen van de Georgisch-Georgian-Ossetian conflictstreek. De commissie analyseerde het conflict en maakte maatregelen op om een vreedzame Georgisch-Georgian-Ossetian nederzetting te waarborgen. Valery Kenyaikin, ambassadeur bij groot van het Russische Buitenlandse Ministerie en het hoofd van het Russische deel van de commissie, woonde de vergadering bij.
Op 15 Februari, 2006 het Georgische parlement keurde een verklaring goed die onderbreking van de behoud van de vredeverrichting overweegt in de Georgisch-Georgian-Ossetian conflictstreek. Het kwalificeerde Russische actie in het gebied als „bewapende interventie.“
Op 31 Mei, 2006 De Russische troepen van de Gezamenlijke Kracht van het Behoud van de vrede in de Georgisch-Georgian-Ossetian conflictstreek roteerden troepen door de Tunnel Rok, die uit Georgische controle was. Tbilisi beschouwde de Russische beweging als officiële uitdaging. De Georgische overheid beweerde dat Rusland een groter contingent onder het mom van omwenteling introduceerde.
Op 16 Juli, 2006 De Georgische politie die door auto de Gezamenlijke leiders van de Commissie van de Controle wordt gevolgd hield en hield hen tegen vast toen. Zij werden gezocht, en hun bezittingen werden in beslag genomen voor verscheidene uren. De commissievergadering moest voor een dag en een nacht worden uitgesteld.
Op 18 Juli, 2006 het Georgische parlement keurde een resolutie over een directe terugtrekking van Russische vredeskorpsen van het land goed.
Op 27 September, 2006 De Georgische geheime diensten arresteerden vier Russische militaire ambtenaren die in GRVZ (Groep Russische Troepen in de Zuid-Kaukasus) werken aan spionagelasten.
Volgens een verklaring die door Marat Kulakhmetov wordt uitgegeven, viel de bevelhebber van de Gezamenlijke Kracht van het Behoud van de vrede in de Georgisch-Georgian-Ossetian conflictstreek, die door massamedia werd gedragen, een Georgische werkgroep een voertuig van een Ossetian het behoud van de vredebataljon van het Noorden aangezien aan het het dorp van Avnevi op 29 September, 2006 verliet. De sergeant Kudziyev, die in het voertuig was, werd geslagen.
Op 12 November, 2006 een referendum op onafhankelijkheid werd gehouden in Zuid-Ossetië naast de presidentiële verkiezingen.
Op 7 Augustus Georgië beschuldigde Rusland van een luchtaanval, die twee su-25 stralen met Russische noteringen eist die in Georgisch luchtruim zijn binnengedrongen en stak raketten bij een radarpost dichtbij in brand Gori. Het incident veroorzaakte de annulering van een vergadering van Tbilisi van de Gezamenlijke Commissie van de Controle voor Georgisch-Georgian-Ossetian Resolutie van het Conflict (JCC) slated voor 9-10 Augustus. De spanningen schommelden in de conflictstreek.
Op 29 Augustus De Georgische overheid arresteerde en veroordeelde twee militairen van het North-Ossetian behoud van de vredebataljon, Tariel Khachirov en Vitaly Valiyev. Zij werden vastgehouden in een Georgische gevangenis tot Februari 2008, in schending van internationale wet en de bestaande overeenkomsten over resolutie van het Georgisch-Georgian-Ossetian conflict. Noch bevelen de vertegenwoordigers van de Gezamenlijke Kracht van het Behoud van de vrede noch mochten de ambtenaren van de Russische Ambassade in Tbilisi hen zien; zij werden ook ontzegd het recht defensieprocureurs bij hofhoorzittingen te gebruiken.
Het hervatten van het onderhandelingsproces door de Gezamenlijke Commissie van de Controle voor Georgisch-Georgian-Ossetian Resolutie van het Conflict (JCC) na een twaalf maandenonderbreking bracht geen vooruitgang. Georgië en Zuid-Ossetië slaagden er niet in om hun posities aan te passen en een gezamenlijke verklaring goed te keuren tijdens de besprekingen die op 23-24 Oktober, 2007 bij het OSCE gebouw in Tbilisi worden gehouden.
Op 31 Maart, 2008 een Ossetian de politiepost van het Zuiden dichtbij het dorp van Okona in het District Znaur werd door een groep aangevallen die met kanonnen en granaatlanceerinrichtingen wordt bewapend. Military observers from the Joint Peacekeeping Force and the OSCE mission established that the shots were fired from an area controlled by Georgia. Two days before the shooting, Georgian police task force and security officers dressed as civilians had been seen in the vicinity.
On April 2 another armed group fired automatic weapons at a South Ossetian Defense Ministry checkpoint near the village of Andzi-si. The servicemen at the checkpoint did not return fire.
A total of 56 incidents of ceasefire violation by Georgian forces were registered by the Joint Peacekeeping Force in April 2008. Most of them involved random shooting with the purpose of fueling tension in the region. Georgian Interior Minister Vano Merabishvili, commenting on the explosion of an anti-personnel mine that injured a local police officer near the village of Kheiti, accused Russian peacekeepers of planting the mine. Later he spoke on Georgia's Alania TV Channel accusing the South Ossetian government of issuing 1,500 fake Russian passports to local residents.
On May 14 President of South Ossetia Eduard Kokoity said the Georgian special services were planning a terrorist attack in the territory of the self-proclaimed republic against Georgians and Georgian peacekeepers.
On May 15 Captain Vladimir Ivanov, an aide to the Joint Peacekeeping Force commander for contacts with the media, announced a planned rotation of the peacekeeping contingent in South Ossetia. Georgian media then spread information about an alleged expansion of the Russian peacekeeping contingent in the conflict zone, quoting Georgia's foreign minister. A routine rotation was described as a "provocation" and a "reckless enterprise."
On May 16 a bomb exploded on a roadside 200 meters from the Georgian village of Ergneti in the conflict zone. No one was hurt. Another bomb was detonated on the road between the Georgian villages of Eredvi and Ditsi. A Georgian Interior Ministry car was hit, injuring one Georgian special task force officer. A third explosion occurred on the same day in the vicinity of the village of Nikozi, where a local resident was injured by a mine in a field.
On July 3 as Dmitry Sanakoyev, head of the ‘alternative' Georgian-backed government of South Ossetia, was driving across the republic to Batumi to attend an international conference, his car was struck by a mine and fired at from the direction of local villages. Sanakoyev's bodyguards returned fire. The shooting went on for several minutes. Three of the guards were severely injured. Sanakoyev himself was unscathed. South Ossetian Interior Minister Mikhail Mindzayev said that the attack on Sanakoyev was orchestrated by Georgia to provide a pretext for invading the self-proclaimed republic.
In the early hours of July 4, 2008 Georgian forces used mortars, grenade launchers and guns to fire at Tskhinvali, the capital of South Ossetia, and the villages of Ubiat and Dmenis. One person was killed and three wounded. Georgian officials claimed that South Ossetia started the shooting and Georgia was forced to fire back in self-defense.
On July 7 the police in Russia's Southern Federal District detained four military men from the Georgian Defense Ministry in the village of Okon, South Ossetia's Znaur District. Officials of the breakaway region of South Ossetia claimed the detained men were pursuing intelligence activities in the Tskhinvali region. Georgian President Mikheil Saakashvili considered the detainment a hostage situation. On July 8, the detainees were released.
On July 9, Russia's Foreign Ministry issued a statement concerning the aggravated situation in the Georgian-Abkhazian and Georgian-Ossetian conflict zones, which said that "For the past several days, the situation in the Georgian-Abkhazian and Georgian-South Ossetian conflict zones has intensified. The city of Tskhinvali has been shelled by the Georgian army, with victims registered among civilians. Fighters and unmanned aircraft of the Georgian Air Force have repeatedly violated the conflict territorial air zones. In a terrorist attack, a South Ossetian police officer was killed. Georgian military set up a post at a strategic site near the village of Sarabuki. Additional military equipment was moved from Georgia into the conflict zone without any coordination with the Joint Peacekeeping Forces, which was registered by military observers including by the OSCE mission in Georgia. These actions point to an open and planned aggression against South Ossetia, which is the internationally recognized side in settling the conflict."
On August 1 and 2, the tension in the Georgian-South Ossetian conflict zone was aggravated due to a massive shelling of Tskhinvali's residential districts, which led to numerous deaths among civilians, with six South Ossetians killed and 15 wounded. Georgia claimed this was a response to South Ossetia's gunfire on Georgia's territory. South Ossetia began evacuating the region's residents to North Ossetia, with 2,500 people leaving their homes during the two days after the shelling.
On August 6, South Ossetian President Eduard Kokoity said he would take "the toughest measures" toward "militants firing at the villages." Previously, the breakaway region's Defense Ministry reported that the Georgian side started sniper fire at the South Ossetian villages of Mugut and Didmukha in the Znaur District at around 12:00 p.m. According to South Ossetian sources, the Georgian special forces attempted to occupy Nul Height to gain control over the Znaur road and the South Ossetian villages located along the road. In the afternoon, it was reported that an aggressive battle was taking place at the village of Nul.
Irina Gagloyeva, head of South Ossetia's Committee for Information and the Press, told RIA Novosti that South Ossetian units had forced the Georgian military units out of Nul Height.
Georgia's Interior Ministry, however, denied the reports.
The same day, the special envoy of the Russian Foreign Ministry, Yury Popov, said direct Georgian-South Ossetian talks with Russian mediators were offered in the Joint Peacekeeping Forces' headquarters for August 7. However, Tskhinvali refused the offer.
On August 7 Georgian President Mikheil Saakashvili, in his national TV address to Georgia and to the Tskhinvali region, said he was ready for any negotiations to settle the conflict with South Ossetia. He suggested Russia become a guarantor of South Ossetia's autonomy within Georgia.
According to the South Ossetian Interior Ministry, on August 7 Georgia started ground fire and shelling of the South Ossetian capital Tskhinvali from the village of Nikozi. Then, according to Tskhinvali, the shelling and shooting at the South Ossetian village of Khetagurovo was started from the Georgian village of Avnevi. About 10 people were killed and another 50 received various wounds. The Georgian media, however, reported that the South Ossetian side had been shelling the Georgian villages of Avnevi and Nuli for three hours. According to the information of the Joint Peacekeeping Forces in the conflict zone, it was the Georgian side that started firing first. Also, there were reports that Russian peacekeepers were fired on.
On August 8 Georgia started military operations in the Georgian-Ossetian conflict zone.
15:04 | 13/ 08/ 2008
The article was written using information of RIA Novosti news agency and open sources
Rian.ru
تاريخ سير من النزاع [جورجن-وسّتين]: حقيقة صفح
Automatically translated into Arabic thanks to WorldLingo
في السوفياتية أوقات كان [أسّتيا] جنوبيّة منطقة مستقلّة ضمن جورجيا. في 1991 جورجيا رئيس أولى, ألغى [زفيد] [غمسكهورديا], الحكم ذاتيّ. الجنوبيّة [أسّتين] رفض سلطات أنّ قرار ويضع فوق مقاومة مسلّحة إلى [جورجنس].
في يناير - كانون الثّاني 1991 [بروك ووت] حرب مفتوحة بين جورجيا و [أسّتيا] جنوبيّة يدّعي إصابات ثقيلة على كلا جوانب.
عقب قدّمت النزاع مسلّحة, أيّ دام حتّى 1992, جورجيا يخسر تحكم على الأرض وحفظ السلام قوات كان داخل النزاع منطقة.
في 1994 بدأ محادثات أن يقرّر النزاع. في شهر ماي 16, 1996 وقعت مذكرة على أمن وثقة إجراءات بين الجوانب كان في موسكو. تلقّى الرئيس جورجيّة [إدورد] [شفردندز] وجنوبيّة [أسّتين] رئيس [لودفيغ] [شبيروف] عدّة اجتماعات أن يتناقش طرق أن ينهي النزاع. روسيا كان الوسيطة في المفاوضة عملية. في ديسمبر - كانون الأوّل 23, 2000 وقعت إتفاق [روسّين-جورجن] بين الحكومات كان على تفاعل وإعادة إنشاء اقتصاديّة في ال [جورجن-وسّتين] نزاع منطقة وعلى العودة اللاجئ. في أبريل - نيسان 2001 قدّم استفتاء في [أسّتيا] جنوبيّة تغيرات في الجمهورية دستور. جورجيا يعتبر الاستفتاء أن يكون غير شرعيّ.
في ديسمبر - كانون الأوّل 22, 2001 ال [أس] وقع مهمة في جورجيا والالمفوّضيّة الأوروبيّة إتفاق على 210,000 منحة أوروبيّة لإجراءات أن يقرّر النزاع [جورجن-وسّتين]. أخذ الالمفوّضيّة الأوروبيّة جزء نشطة في يجمع ويدمّر أسلحة في النزاع منطقة.
ال [10ث] تمّ اجتماع من الأحزاب وفود رسميّة كجزء المفاوضات أن يقرّر النزاع [جورجن-وسّتين] خارج [ث هغ] في أكتوبر - تشرين الأوّل 14-17, 2003. ساهموا في الإستشارة كان الممثلات من الجمهورية من [أسّتي-لنيا] شماليّة, ال [ك-شيرس] هولنديّة من ال [أس], الرأس من ال [أس] مهمة إلى جورجيا والممثلات من الالمفوّضيّة الأوروبيّة. [فور ث فيرست تيم] [فيلد] الأحزاب أن يقع بروتوكول نهائيّة واجبة إلى [سوبستنتيف ديفّرنس] على محتوىه.
في شهر ماي 31, 2004 أفاد القائدة من المفصل فلق حفظ السلام قوات في ال [جورجن-وسّتين] نزاع منطقة, [سفتوسلف] [نبدزوروف], النية أن ييصفّي النقطة تفتيش الوزارة جورجيّة داخليّة كان قد ثبت فوق على طول [غري-تسكهينفلي] طريق عامّ [أستنسبلي] أن يتوقّف النقل من يهرّب بضاعة.
في يونيو - حزيران 1, 2004 جعل الوزارة روسيّة أجنبيّة ثلاثة بيانات على الحالة في ال [جورجن-وسّتين] نزاع منطقة. [كلّ ون] الوزارة روسيّة السلطات جورجيّة أن يميّز الخطر التحاريض في المنطقة.
في يونيو - حزيران 2, 2004, أثناء اجتماع من ال [ك-شيرمن] من المشتركة تحكم عمولة للاستقرار من النزاع [جورجن-وسّتين] الجورجيّة و [أسّتين] وافق ممثلات لا أن يستعمل قوة أو ضغطة اقتصاديّة [ويث رغرد تو] بعضهم بعضا.
في يونيو - حزيران 3, 2004 جورجيا أرسل 20 [فلتكرس] مع دباب وعربات مدرعّة, عدّة خريجة صواريخ و350 [بسكيبر] إلى [تسكهينفلي] منطقة. جورجيا تلقّى 150 قوات يسلّح مع [أرمس] صغيرة قرب [تسكهينفلي]. كلّ في كلّ, جورجيا يستطيع يتلقّى 500 عاملات مع كم محدودة درع في النزاع منطقة, البلد دفاع وزارة يقال.
في يونيو - حزيران 28, 2004 احتجزت ثلاثة أعضاء من الجورجيّة أمن وزارة كان على توهم من يرتكب أعمال من تخريب وإرهاب في [أسّتيا] جنوبيّة. بعد الحادث رفض جورجيا أن يحضر الاجتماع من المشتركة تحكم عمولة واجبة أن يكون أمسكت في موسكو في يونيو - حزيران 30. في يوليو-تمّوز 3 أطلقت الممثلات من الخدمات جورجيّة خاصّة كان. جورجيا أفاد أنّ استمرّ هو يعمل مع العمولة.
في يونيو - حزيران 30, 2004 هاجمت [بسكيبر] روسيّة كان بجورجيّة داخليّة وزارة وحدة. [كلّ ون] الوزارة روسيّة أجنبيّة تبليسي "لا أن يحضر الحالة في [أسّتيا] جنوبيّة إلى [دنجر بوينت]." يتلقّى موسكو "ما من شك أنّ القبض قسريّة من خاصية عسكريّة كان عمدا اتّجهت أبعد يفاقم الحالة في [أسّتيا] جنوبيّة ويضعف العلاقات [روسّين-جورجن]," الوزارة روسيّة أجنبيّة قال.
أخذ الحالة في ال [جورجن-وسّتين] نزاع منطقة دورة للمريضة عندما صدام مسلّحة وقع في [ليكهفي] مخنق في [أسّتيا] جنوبيّة. تبليسي أفاد أنّ جرحت اثنان [بسكيبر] جورجيّة كان وواحدة خطف. في يوليو-تمّوز 8-9 أمسكت محادثات كان في [تسكهينفلي] بين وزيرة جورجيّة دولة [جورج] [كهيندرفا] ونائبة قائدة من الروسيّة أرضيّة قوات ملازم أوّل جنرال [فلري] [يفنفيش] على الاستقرار من النزاع [جورجن-وسّتين]. تناقش الاثنان جوانب إجراءات أن يثبت الحالة حول [أسّتيا] جنوبيّة.
في يوليو-تمّوز 11 اجتماع تمّ في [تسكهينفلي] بين الرأس من الجمهورية [أونركنيزد] من [أسّتيا] جنوبيّة [إدورد] [كوكويتي] والروسيّة أجنبيّة وزارة سفيرة خاصّة [لف] [ميرونوف] أن يتناقش التحضير وأرض مستأجرة من الاجتماع من المشتركة تحكم عمولة ([جكّ]) على الاستقرار من الحالة في [أسّتيا] جنوبيّة. تمّ على [ث سم دي] يعمل اجتماع في [تسكهينفلي] بين ال [ك-شيرمن] من ال [جكّ] مع المشاركة من الجنوبيّة [أسّتين] سفيرة خاصّة بوريس [ششف] وممثلة من الشماليّة [أسّتين] حكومة, [تيمورز] [كوسف]. وافق الأحزاب أن يتوقّف كلّ أعمال تحريضيّة في ال [جورجن-وسّتين] نزاع منطقة. رهن ال يتعارض أحزاب أن يتوقّف ال يقذف وأن يرفع ال [إكنوميك بلوكد].
في يوليو-تمّوز 14, 2004 أمسكت الدورة أولى من ينفضّ محادثات رفيع المستوى في ال [جكّ] شكل كان في موسكو. وافق الأحزاب أنّ وحدات غير شرعيّ مسلّحة اضطرّ كنت انسحبت من النزاع منطقة. هم أكّدوا الوضع من ال [بسكيبر] في النزاع منطقة. الرئيس مجلس إدارة من الجورجيّة وطنيّة أمن مجلس, [جلا] [بزهوشفيلي], يقال أنّ يكذب الحل من الجنوبيّة [أسّتين] مشكلة في التجديد من جورجيا نزاهة إقليميّة.
في يوليو-تمّوز 15, أثناء الثاني دورة من المحادثات, وقع الأعضاء من ال [جكّ] اجتماع وثيقة نهائيّة [كلّ ون] الزعيمات من تبليسي و [تسكهينفلي] لا أن يستعمل قوة أن يحلّ النزاع. الأحزاب اضطرّ شرّفت [ألّ ث] إتفاقات سابقة. كان [ألّ ث] وحدات غير شرعيّ مسلّحة أن يكون جربت وعربات عسكريّة اضطرّ كنت انسحبت من النزاع منطقة. كرّست نقطة منفصلة في البروتوكول كان إلى معونة إنسانيّة: أعاد تأكيد الأحزاب أنّ هذا شحن كانوا أن يستمتع مواتي عادات نظامة, بما أنّ يوصف ب ال 1992 [دغمس] إتفاقات. وافق الجوانب أنّ ال [جكّ] كان جسم دائمة يؤسّس في [تسكهينفلي] وأنّ الاجتماع تالي تمّ في تبليسي عدّة أيام فيما بعد.
في اجتماع في [تسكهينفلي] في يوليو-تمّوز 19, وافق 2004 الممثلات جورجيا, [أسّتيا] جنوبيّة, [أسّتيا] شماليّة وروسيا إلى مجموعة فوق مجموعة السكرتيرات من الجورجيّة, جنوب وشماليّة [أسّتين] أجزاء من ال [جكّ]; وفي يوليو-تمّوز 21, أمسك المجموعة والمستشارة في السفارة روسيّة في جورجيا اجتماع أوّلهم في تبليسي. أعاد تأكيد جورجيا و [أسّتيا] جنوبيّة تعهدهم إلى استقرار سلميّة في النزاع [جورجن-وسّتين] وإلى يمنع تصاعد ال [تنسونس]. اجتماع من الممثلات ال [ك-شيرس] من ال [جكّ] في [تسكهينفلي] على يوليو-تمّوز 22 مجموعة الميعاد أخير للبداية من مشتركة [بترولّينغ] من ال [جورجن-وسّتين] نزاع منطقة ب [بسكيبر] و [أس] ملاحظات والطرق من الدوريات.
في سبتمبر - أيلول [30-وكتوبر] 2, 2004 مشتركة تحكم عمولة ([جكّ]) تناقش اجتماع في موسكو التوقعات من يحلّ النزاع حالة في [أسّتيا] جنوبيّة, يمنع أزمات مقبلة وردّ اعتبار اقتصاديّة من النزاع منطقة. ثبتت [ووركينغ غرووب] كان [أوب تو] يعدّ قرارات على الإنسحاب من وحدات غير شرعيّ, يفكّك من نقطة تفتيش غير شرعيّ وال [ستّينغ-وب] من نقطة تفتيش جديدة ب [بسكيبر].
في نوفمبر - تشرين الثّاني 5, 2004 أمسكت محادثات كان في [سش] بين رئيس وزراء جورجيّة [زورب] [زهفنيا] والرأس من [أسّتيا] جنوبيّة, [إدورد] [كوكويتي]. هم كان توسّطت بالوزارة روسيّة أجنبيّة يمثّل بنائبة أولى وزير الخارجيّة [فلري] [لوششنين]. وافق الأحزاب على يشبع تجريد من السلاح من ال [جورجن-وسّتين] نزاع منطقة. على نوفمبر - تشرين الثّاني 13 وزيرة جورجيّة دولة [جورج] [كهيندرفا] وخاصّة شؤون وزيرة من الحكومة من [أسّتيا] جنوبيّة بوريس وافق [ششف] أن ييصفّي المخابئ وأخرى جيش بنى. في نوفمبر - تشرين الثّاني 15 بدأ التصفية من عسكريّة هندسة بنى في ال [جورجن-وسّتين] نزاع منطقة.
في نوفمبر - تشرين الثّاني 18-19, 2004 راجع اجتماع من ال [جكّ] في [فلديكفكز] تقدم في ال [فولفيلمنت] من الإتفاقات [روسّين-بروكرد] بين رئيس وزراء جورجيّة [زورب] [زهفنيا] والرئيس من الجمهورية [أونركنيزد] من [أسّتيا] جنوبيّة, [إدورد] [كوكويتي], يبلغ في [سش] في نوفمبر - تشرين الثّاني 5. ساعد رئيس من الجمهورية من [أسّتي-لنيا] شماليّة إسكندر [دزسكهوف], يتكلّم في ال [جكّ] اجتماع, الاقتراح يجعل ب [زهفنيا] و [كوكويتي] أن يشكّل [إكنوميك زون] خاصّة أنّ تضمّن [ألجر] منطقة من [أسّتيا] شماليّة, [أسّتيا] جنوبيّة [غري] منطقة جورجيا.
في يناير - كانون الثّاني 2005 أعلن [ميكهيل] [سكشفيلي] سلام مبادرات [ويث رغرد تو] [أسّتيا] جنوبيّة في خطوة اجتماع في ستراسبورغ. قدّمت [أسّتيا] جنوبيّة كان حكم ذاتيّ واسعة كجزء الدولة وحيد جورجيّة. رئيس جورج [و.]. ساعد بوش في [تلفون كنفرسأيشن] في فبراير - شباط 15 [سكشفيلي] مبادرات. جنوبيّة [أسّتين] قال رئيس [إدورد] [كوكويتي], يعلق على [سكشفيلي] مبادرات, أنّ "[أسّتيا] جنوبيّة يتلقّى طويلا يكون جمهورية مستقلّة" وهناك استطاع كنت ما من سؤال من يخلق دولة عاديّة مع جورجيا.
في مارس - آذار 11, 2005 قال [ميكهيل] [سكشفيلي] شرح مهمّة أنّ هو لم ينتظر طويلا ل [تسكهينفلي] إستجابة إلى مبادراته على الوضع من [أسّتيا] جنوبيّة. هو لاحظ أنّ رحّب بعض ممثلات من [تسكهينفلي] سلطات المبادرات جورجيّة, غير أنّ كان يعجز أن يجعل قرار. هو قال [تسكهينفلي] أراد منطقة و [أبكهزيا] "أبدا يصبح جزء من إمبراطورية, حتّى من إمبراطورية سابقة." "هذا الناسنا, أرضنا يدعى جورجيا وسيدعو هو أبدا كنت [أنثينغ لس]," [سكشفيلي] يقال.
في مارس - آذار 16-17, 2005 تناقش اجتماع من ال [ك-شيرس] من المشتركة تحكم عمولة تجريد من السلاح من النزاع منطقة [ويثين ث فرموورك وف] نوفمبر - تشرين الثّاني 2004 [سش] إتفاقات. ساهموا في الاجتماع كان الوفود من روسيا, جورجيا, [أسّتي-لنيا] شماليّة و [أسّتيا] جنوبيّة.
في يونيو - حزيران 20-21, 2005 طارئ أمسكت اجتماع من المشتركة تحكم عمولة للاستقرار من ال [جورج-سوث] [أسّتيا] نزاع كان في موسكو. افترضت الجوانب كان أن يقع بروتوكول على التعاون من ال [لو-نفورسمنت] أجسام في النزاع منطقة. مهما, وقع البروتوكول يتصوّر فقط الخلق من مجموعة أن يتحرّى الحادثات في النزاع منطقة في شهر ماي 29 ويونيو - حزيران 6 (الجريمة قتل من أربعة [أسّتين] وواحدة عاملات جورجيّة والإختفاء من أربعة [جورجنس]).
في يوليو-تمّوز 10, 2005 أمسكت [إينترنأيشنل كنفرنس] على الاستقرار من النزاع [جورجن-وسّتين] كان في [بتثمي]. قاطع الممثلات من [أسّتيا] جنوبيّة المؤتمر. أثناء المؤتمر رئيس جورجيّة أفاد [ميكهيل] [سكشفيلي] أنّ جورجيا كان يتأهّب أن يمنح [أسّتيا] جنوبيّة يشبع حكم ذاتيّ وعدّلت البلد دستور وفقا لذلك. هو قال أنّ كان خطته الاستقرار من النزاع مع [أسّتيا] جنوبيّة يطاور واحدة وأخذ وقت هامّة أن يطبّق. هو قال [تك ينتو كّوونت] الخطة [ألّ ث] أمنيات عبّر عن في مراحل مختلفة بالجنوبيّة [أسّتين] ممثلات. الجمهورية [أونركنيزد] من جنوبيّة [أسّتيا] يرفض [سكشفيلي] عرض الحكم ذاتيّ ضمن جورجيا.
في أكتوبر - تشرين الأوّل 11, 2005 تبنّى المجلس نواب جورجيّة قرار "على حفظ السلام عمليات والحالة في النزاع مناطق جورجيا." هو تطلّب [بسكيبر] روسيّة, يقام في ال [جورجن-وسّتين] نزاع منطقة, أن ينفذ كلا أحزاب إستجابة مع إتفاقاتهم قبل فبراير - شباط 1, 2006. خلاف ذلك, بدأ المجلس نواب جورجيّة الإجراء الإنسحاب من [دغمس] إتفاق من 1992 في فبراير - شباط 15, 2006, ويتطلّب [بسكيبر] روسيّة أن ينسحب.
في ديسمبر - كانون الأوّل 8, 2005 المشتركة تحكم أمسك عمولة طارئ اجتماع يتبع الزيادة ال [تنسونس] في ال [جورجن-وسّتين] نزاع منطقة. حلّل العمولة النزاع و [لي ووت] إجراءات أن يضمن استقرار سلميّة [جورجن-وسّتين]. حضر [فلري] [كنيكين], سفيرة في كبيرة من الروسيّة أجنبيّة وزارة ورأس من الجزء روسيّة من العمولة, الاجتماع.
في فبراير - شباط 15, 2006 تبنّى المجلس نواب جورجيّة بيان يتصوّر توقف من الحفظ السلام عملية في ال [جورجن-وسّتين] نزاع منطقة. سلّح هو نعت عمل روسيّة في المنطقة بما أنّ "تدخل."
في شهر ماي 31, 2006 دار قوات روسيّة من المشتركة حفظ السلام قوة في ال [جورجن-وسّتين] نزاع منطقة قوات من خلال [روك] نفق, أيّ كان من تحكم جورجيّة. تبليسي اعتبر الحركة روسيّة كتحدي رسميّة. زعم سلطات جورجيّة أنّ روسيا كان قدّم طارئ عظيمة تحت المظهر الدوران.
في يوليو-تمّوز 16, 2006 تبع شرطة جورجيّة بسيارة المشتركة تحكم عمولة زعيمات بعد ذلك يتوقّف واحتجزهم. هم كان بحثت, وصادرت انتماءهم كان ل عدّة ساعات. العمولة اجتماع اضطرّ كنت أجّلت ليوم وليل.
في يوليو-تمّوز 18, 2006 تبنّى المجلس نواب جورجيّة قرار على إنتقال فوقيّة من [بسكيبر] روسيّة من البلد.
في سبتمبر - أيلول 27, 2006 أوقف خدمات جورجيّة سرّيّة أربعة ضابطات روسيّة عسكريّة يعمل في ال [غرفز] (مجموعة من قوات روسيّة في قوقاز جنوبيّة) على تجسس حشوات.
وفقا ل بيان يصدر ب [مرت] [كولكهمتوف], هاجم القائدة من المشتركة حفظ السلام قوة في ال [جورجن-وسّتين] نزاع منطقة, أيّ كان حملت ب [مسّ مديوم], قوّة استراتيجيّة جورجيّة عربة من شماليّة [أسّتين] حفظ السلام فرقة بما أنّ هو كان ترك القرية [أفنفي] في سبتمبر - أيلول 29, 2006. ضربت رقيب [كودزيف], الذي كان في العربة, كان.
في نوفمبر - تشرين الثّاني 12, 2006 أمسكت استفتاء على استقلال كان في [أسّتيا] جنوبيّة إلى جانب الإنتخابات رئاسيّة.
في أغسطس - آب 7 جورجيا يتّهم روسيا من هواء هجوم, يدّعي اثنان [سو-25] انبثاقات مع تأشير روسيّة يتطفّل داخل مجال جورجيّة وأطلق النار صواريخ في [ردر ستأيشن] قرب [غري]. حضّ الحادث الإلغاء من تبليسي اجتماع من المشتركة تحكم عمولة ل [جورجن-وسّتين] نزاع قرار ([جكّ]) [سلتد] لأغسطس - آب 9-10. [تنسونس] ماجوا في النزاع منطقة.
في أغسطس - آب 29 أوقف سلطات جورجيّة وحكم اثنان عاملات من ال [نورث-وسّتين] حفظ السلام فرقة, [تريل] [كهشروف] و [فيتلي] [فليف]. هم كان احتجزت في سجن جورجيّة حتّى فبراير - شباط 2008, [إين فيولأيشن وف] قانون دوليّة والإتفاقات موجودة على قرار من النزاع [جورجن-وسّتين]. لا يأمر ممثلات من المشتركة حفظ السلام قوة ولا مسؤولات من السفارة روسيّة في تبليسي كان سمحت أن يرىهم; أنكرت هم كان أيضا الحق أن يستعمل [دفنس تّورني] في [كورت هرينغ].
العودة من ال يفاوض عملية بالمشتركة تحكم عمولة ل [جورجن-وسّتين] نزاع قرار ([جكّ]) عقب [تولف-مونث] لم يحضر كسر أيّ تقدم. [فيلد] جورجيا و [أسّتيا] جنوبيّة أن يكيّف موقعاتهم وتبنّيت بيان مشتركة أثناء المحادثات يمسك في أكتوبر - تشرين الأوّل 23-24, 2007 في ال [أس] فرضيات في تبليسي.
في مارس - آذار 31, 2008 جنوبيّة [أسّتين] شرطة هاجمت موقعة قرب القرية [أكونا] في [زنور] منطقة كان بمجموعة يسلّح مع مسدّس مدفع وقنبلة يدويّة قاذفات. Military observers from the Joint Peacekeeping Force and the OSCE mission established that the shots were fired from an area controlled by Georgia. Two days before the shooting, Georgian police task force and security officers dressed as civilians had been seen in the vicinity.
On April 2 another armed group fired automatic weapons at a South Ossetian Defense Ministry checkpoint near the village of Andzi-si. The servicemen at the checkpoint did not return fire.
A total of 56 incidents of ceasefire violation by Georgian forces were registered by the Joint Peacekeeping Force in April 2008. Most of them involved random shooting with the purpose of fueling tension in the region. Georgian Interior Minister Vano Merabishvili, commenting on the explosion of an anti-personnel mine that injured a local police officer near the village of Kheiti, accused Russian peacekeepers of planting the mine. Later he spoke on Georgia's Alania TV Channel accusing the South Ossetian government of issuing 1,500 fake Russian passports to local residents.
On May 14 President of South Ossetia Eduard Kokoity said the Georgian special services were planning a terrorist attack in the territory of the self-proclaimed republic against Georgians and Georgian peacekeepers.
On May 15 Captain Vladimir Ivanov, an aide to the Joint Peacekeeping Force commander for contacts with the media, announced a planned rotation of the peacekeeping contingent in South Ossetia. Georgian media then spread information about an alleged expansion of the Russian peacekeeping contingent in the conflict zone, quoting Georgia's foreign minister. A routine rotation was described as a "provocation" and a "reckless enterprise."
On May 16 a bomb exploded on a roadside 200 meters from the Georgian village of Ergneti in the conflict zone. No one was hurt. Another bomb was detonated on the road between the Georgian villages of Eredvi and Ditsi. A Georgian Interior Ministry car was hit, injuring one Georgian special task force officer. A third explosion occurred on the same day in the vicinity of the village of Nikozi, where a local resident was injured by a mine in a field.
On July 3 as Dmitry Sanakoyev, head of the ‘alternative' Georgian-backed government of South Ossetia, was driving across the republic to Batumi to attend an international conference, his car was struck by a mine and fired at from the direction of local villages. Sanakoyev's bodyguards returned fire. The shooting went on for several minutes. Three of the guards were severely injured. Sanakoyev himself was unscathed. South Ossetian Interior Minister Mikhail Mindzayev said that the attack on Sanakoyev was orchestrated by Georgia to provide a pretext for invading the self-proclaimed republic.
In the early hours of July 4, 2008 Georgian forces used mortars, grenade launchers and guns to fire at Tskhinvali, the capital of South Ossetia, and the villages of Ubiat and Dmenis. One person was killed and three wounded. Georgian officials claimed that South Ossetia started the shooting and Georgia was forced to fire back in self-defense.
On July 7 the police in Russia's Southern Federal District detained four military men from the Georgian Defense Ministry in the village of Okon, South Ossetia's Znaur District. Officials of the breakaway region of South Ossetia claimed the detained men were pursuing intelligence activities in the Tskhinvali region. Georgian President Mikheil Saakashvili considered the detainment a hostage situation. On July 8, the detainees were released.
On July 9, Russia's Foreign Ministry issued a statement concerning the aggravated situation in the Georgian-Abkhazian and Georgian-Ossetian conflict zones, which said that "For the past several days, the situation in the Georgian-Abkhazian and Georgian-South Ossetian conflict zones has intensified. The city of Tskhinvali has been shelled by the Georgian army, with victims registered among civilians. Fighters and unmanned aircraft of the Georgian Air Force have repeatedly violated the conflict territorial air zones. In a terrorist attack, a South Ossetian police officer was killed. Georgian military set up a post at a strategic site near the village of Sarabuki. Additional military equipment was moved from Georgia into the conflict zone without any coordination with the Joint Peacekeeping Forces, which was registered by military observers including by the OSCE mission in Georgia. These actions point to an open and planned aggression against South Ossetia, which is the internationally recognized side in settling the conflict."
On August 1 and 2, the tension in the Georgian-South Ossetian conflict zone was aggravated due to a massive shelling of Tskhinvali's residential districts, which led to numerous deaths among civilians, with six South Ossetians killed and 15 wounded. Georgia claimed this was a response to South Ossetia's gunfire on Georgia's territory. South Ossetia began evacuating the region's residents to North Ossetia, with 2,500 people leaving their homes during the two days after the shelling.
On August 6, South Ossetian President Eduard Kokoity said he would take "the toughest measures" toward "militants firing at the villages." Previously, the breakaway region's Defense Ministry reported that the Georgian side started sniper fire at the South Ossetian villages of Mugut and Didmukha in the Znaur District at around 12:00 p.m. According to South Ossetian sources, the Georgian special forces attempted to occupy Nul Height to gain control over the Znaur road and the South Ossetian villages located along the road. In the afternoon, it was reported that an aggressive battle was taking place at the village of Nul.
Irina Gagloyeva, head of South Ossetia's Committee for Information and the Press, told RIA Novosti that South Ossetian units had forced the Georgian military units out of Nul Height.
Georgia's Interior Ministry, however, denied the reports.
The same day, the special envoy of the Russian Foreign Ministry, Yury Popov, said direct Georgian-South Ossetian talks with Russian mediators were offered in the Joint Peacekeeping Forces' headquarters for August 7. However, Tskhinvali refused the offer.
On August 7 Georgian President Mikheil Saakashvili, in his national TV address to Georgia and to the Tskhinvali region, said he was ready for any negotiations to settle the conflict with South Ossetia. He suggested Russia become a guarantor of South Ossetia's autonomy within Georgia.
According to the South Ossetian Interior Ministry, on August 7 Georgia started ground fire and shelling of the South Ossetian capital Tskhinvali from the village of Nikozi. Then, according to Tskhinvali, the shelling and shooting at the South Ossetian village of Khetagurovo was started from the Georgian village of Avnevi. About 10 people were killed and another 50 received various wounds. The Georgian media, however, reported that the South Ossetian side had been shelling the Georgian villages of Avnevi and Nuli for three hours. According to the information of the Joint Peacekeeping Forces in the conflict zone, it was the Georgian side that started firing first. Also, there were reports that Russian peacekeepers were fired on.
On August 8 Georgia started military operations in the Georgian-Ossetian conflict zone.
15:04 | 13/ 08/ 2008
The article was written using information of RIA Novosti news agency and open sources
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